El niñito ahogado, Aylan Kurdi, nos hace llorar y pensar

El niñito sirio de 3 o 4 años yace ahogado en la playa, pálido y vestido todavía con su ropita de niño. De bruces y con la cara vuelta hacia un lado, como si quisiese respirar aún. Las olas tuvieron piedad de él y lo llevaron a la playa. Los peces, siempre hambrientos, lo respetaron porque también ellos se compadecieron de su inocencia. Aylan Kurdi es su nombre. El padre no pudo sujetarlos y se le escaparon de las manos, tragados por las aguas.

Querido Aylan: tú huías de los horrores de la guerra en Siria, donde tropas del presidente Assad, apoyado por los ricos Emiratos Árabes, luchan contra los soldados del cruel Estado Islámico, ese que degüella a quien no se convierte a su religión, tristemente apoyado por las fuerzas occidentales de Europa y de Estados Unidos. Imagino que te daba miedo el sonido de los aviones supersónicos que lanzan bombas asesinas. No dormirías por miedo a que tu casa volase por los aires en llamas.

Cuantas veces habrás oído decir a tus padres y vecinos cuan temibles son los aviones no pilotados (drones). Persiguen y cazan a las personas por las colinas desiertas y las matan. Fiestas de boda, celebradas con alegría, a pesar de todo el horror, también son bombardeadas, pues se supone que entre los invitados debe haber algún terrorista.

Tal vez tú no te imaginas que quien practica esa barbaridad y está por detrás de todo esto es un soldado joven, que vive en un cuartel militar de Texas. Está sentado tranquilamente en su sala delante de una inmensa pantalla como de televisión. A través de un satélite muestra los campos de batalla de su tierra, Siria, o Irak. Cuando sospecha, con un pequeño toque de botón dispara un arma sujeta al dron. Nada siente, nada escucha, ni llega a tener pena. Al otro lado, a miles de kilómetros, mueren súbitamente 30-40 personas, niños como tú, padres y madres como los tuyos, y personas que nada tienen que ver con la guerra. Son fríamente asesinadas. Desde el otro lado, él sonríe por haber dado en el blanco.

A causa del terror que viene por cielo y tierra, ante el pavor de ser muertos o degollados, tus padres resolvieron huir. Se llevaron a toda la familia. No piensan en buscar trabajo. Solo en que no quieren morir ni que los maten. Sueñan con vivir en un país donde no pasen miedo, donde puedan dormir sin pesadillas.

Y tú, querido Aylan, podrías jugar alegremente en la calle con compañeritos cuya lengua no entiendes pero no lo necesitas, porque vosotros los niños tenéis un lenguaje que todos los niños y niñas entienden.

No has podido llegar a un lugar de paz. Pero ahora, a pesar de toda la tristeza que sentimos, sabemos que tú, tan inocente, has llegado a un paraíso donde puedes al fin jugar, saltar y correr por todas partes en compañía de un Dios que un día fue también niño, de nombre Jesús, y que para no dejarte solo ha vuelto a ser niño. Y va a jugar al futbol contigo, a coger a un gatito por el cuello, a correr detrás de un perrito, vais a entenderos tan bien como si fueseis amigos desde siempre; juntos vais a hacer dibujos de colores, a reíros con los muñecos que vais a hacer y a contaros historias bonitas uno a otro. Y os sentiréis muy felices. Y mira qué sorpresa: contigo estará también tu hermanito que murió y tu madre va a poder abrazarte y besarte como lo hacía tantas veces.

Tú no has muerto, mi querido Aylan. Has ido a vivir y a jugar a otro lugar, mucho mejor. El mundo no era digno de tu inocencia.

Y ahora deja que yo piense conmigo mismo. ¿Qué mundo es este que asusta y mata a los niños? ¿Por qué la mayoría de los países no quieren recibir a los refugiados del terror y de la guerra? ¿No son ellos, hermanos y hermanas nuestros que viven en la misma Casa Común, la Tierra? Esos refugiados no piden nada. Solamente quieren vivir. Poder tener un poco de paz y no ver a sus hijos llorando de miedo y saltando de la cama por los estruendos de las bombas. Es gente que quiere ser recibida como gente, sin amenazar a nadie. Solamente quieren vivir su manera de venerar a Dios y de ir vestida como siempre se ha vestido.

¿No han sido suficientes dos mil años de cristianismo para hacer a los europeos mínimamente humanos, solidarios y hospitalarios? Aylan, el pequeño sirio muerto en la playa es metáfora de lo que es la Europa de hoy: postrada, sin vida, incapaz de llorar y de acoger vidas amenazadas. ¿No oyeron ellos muchas veces que quien acoge a un forastero o perseguido está hospedando anónimamente a Dios?

Querido Aylan, que tu imagen estirada en la playa nos suscite el poco de humanidad que siempre queda en nosotros, una brizna de solidaridad, una lágrima de compasión que no conseguimos retener en nuestros ojos cansados de ver tanto sufrimiento inútil, especialmente, de niños como tú. Ayúdanos, por favor, sino la llama divina que tiembla dentro de nosotros, puede apagarse. Y si ella se apaga, nos hundiremos todos, pues sin amor y compasión nada más tendrá sentido en este mundo.

*Leonardo Boff, un abuelo de un país distante que ya acogió a muchas personas de tu país, Siria, que se compadeció al ver tu imagen en la playa y se le escaparon dolorosas lágrimas de compasión.

Aylan Kurdi, the little boy who drowned, makes us cry and think

The little Syrian boy, of 3 or 4 years, lay lifeless on the beach, pale and still dressed in his little boy’s clothes. He was face down, with his head turned to one side, as if he still wanted to breathe. The waves had taken pity on him and carried him to the beach. The fish, always voracious, respected him because they too felt pity for his innocence. Aylan Kurdi is his name. His father could not hold on to them. They were dragged from his hands; and the boys were swallowed by the waters.

Dear Aylan: you were fleeng the horrors of war in Syria, where the troops of President Assad, backed by rich Arab Emirates, sadly supported by forces of Western Europe and the United States, battle the soldiers of the cruel Islamic State, who behead those who refuse to convert to their religion. I imagine you were scared by the sound of the supersonic planes that launched murderous bombs. You did not sleep, for fear that your house would burst into flames and fly through the air.

How many times you would have heard your parents and neighbors say how dreadful are the planes that fly without a pilot, the drones. The drones persecute and chase human beings through the arid hills, and kill them. Wedding festivities, celebrated with great happiness in spite of all the horror, are also bombed, because it is imagined that there must be a terrorist among the guests.

Perhaps you did not imagine that the one who practices such barbarity and is behind all this is a young soldier, who lives in a military barrack in Texas. He sits peacefully in his living room in front of an immense TV screen. By satellite, the screen shows the battle fields of your country, Syria, or Iraq. When the young soldier becomes suspicous, with a simple touch of a bottom, he fires a weapon carried by the drone. The young soldier feels nothing. He hears nothing. He does not even feel pain. On the other side of the world, thousands of kilometers away, 30 or 40 human beings, children as yourself, fathers and mothers like yours, people who have nothing to do with the war, suddenly die. They are murdered in cold blood. Back in Texas, the young soldier smiles, because he hit his target.

Facing the terror that comes from skies and by land, and the dread of being killed or beheaded, your parents resolved to flee. They took the whole family. They were not thinking of looking for a job. They just wanted not to die, or be killed. They dreamed of living in a country where they were no longer scared, a place where they could sleep without having nightmares.

And you, dear Aylan, could happily play in the street with little playmates whose language you did not understand, but that you did not need, because you children have a language that all little boys and girls understand.

You, Aylan, were not able to reach such a place of peace. But now, in spite of all the sadness we feel, we know that you, so innocent, have arrived in a paradise where you can at last play, jump and run everywhere, in the company of a God who was also a child, named Jesus, and who, in order to not leave you alone, has become once again a child. And He will play soccer with you, He will grab a kitten by the neck, and run after after a puppy; you will understand each other perfectly, as if you had been friends forever. Together you will make colored drawings, laugh at the dolls you make and share beautiful stories. And you will feel very happy. And see, what a surprise: with you there will be your little brother who also died, and your mother will be able to embrace and kiss you, as she did so many times.

You did not die, my dear Aylan. You have gone to live and to play in another place, a much better place. The world was not worthy of your innocence.

And now let me think by myself. What kind of a world is this, that frightens and kills the children? Why do the majority of the countries not want to receive refugees from terror and war? Are not these refugees our brothers and sisters who live in the same Common Home, the Earth? These refugees ask for nothing. They only want to live. They want to have some peace and not to see their children screaming with fear, and jumping out of bed with the thunder of the bombs. They are human beings who want to be welcomed as human beings, without threatening anyone. They only want to live in their manner of venerating God and to be clothed the way they have always clothed.

Are not two thousand years of Christianity enough to make the Europeans minimally human, solidarian and hospitable? Aylan, the little Syrian boy lying dead on the beach is a metaphor for the Europe of today: prostrate, lifeless, unable to cry or welcome threatened lives. Have not Europeans heard so many times that the one who welcomes the stranger or the persecuted is anonymously hosting God?

Dear Aylan, may the image of you, washed up on the beach, elicit in us some of the humanity that always lives within us, a shred of solidarity, a tear of compassion that we cannot hold back, with our eyes tired of seeing so much useless suffering, especially of children, like yourself. Help us, we beg you, because otherwise the divine flame that flickers within us may be extinguished. And if that flame dies, we all will drown, because without love and compassion nothing will make sense in this world.

*Leonardo Boff, a Grandfather of a distant country that has already received many persons from your country, Syria, who took pity when he saw your image on the beach and painful tears of compassion escaped from his eyes.

Free translation from the Spanish by
Servicios Koinonia, http://www.servicioskoinonia.org.
Done at REFUGIO DEL RIO GRANDE, Texas, EE.UU.

Aren’t they human beings, our brothers and sisters?

A society’s level of civilization and of humanitarian spirit is measured by how it welcomes and coexists with those who are different. By this measure, Europe offers a pitiful example, one that borders on barbarism. Europe reveals herself as so self-centered and self-congratulatory that it is extremely hard for her to welcome and coexist with those who are different.

The strategy generally was and continues to be this: either exclude or destroy the other. This is what happened in the process of colonial expansion in Africa, Asia and principally in Latin America. They destroyed whole nations, as in Haiti, Mexico and Peru.

The primary limit on Western European culture is her arrogance, as is seen in its presumption of being the most developed in the world, as having the best form of government (democracy), the highest awareness of rights, as the creator of philosophy and technology, and, if that was not enough, as the carrier of the one true religion: Christianity. Traces of this arrogance can still be seen in the Preamble of the Constitution of the European Union. There it is simply asserted:

«The European continent is the bearer of civilization, its people have inhabited it since the beginning of humanity in successive phases, and throughout the centuries they developed the values that are the basis of humanism: the equality of all human beings, liberty, and the value of reason…»

This vision is only partly true. It forgets the frequent violations of those rights, the catastrophes it created with totalitarian ideologies, devastating wars, pitiless colonialism and ferocious imperialism that subjugated and destroyed whole cultures in Africa and in Latin America, in direct contrast to the values they proclaim. The dramatic state of the world today and the quantities of refugees who come from the Mediterranean countries are due, in great part, to the type of globalization Europe supports, since, in concrete terms, it constitutes a sort of later day Westernization of the world, more than the development of a true global community.

This is the background that helps us understand the ambiguities and the resistance of most European countries to receiving the refugees and immigrants who come from the countries of North Africa and of the Middle East, fleeing the terror of the war, caused in great part by Western Intervention (NATO) and especially by the imperialistic policies of the United States.

According to data from the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), just this year 60 million of persons have been forced to abandon their homes. The Syrian conflict alone has created 4 million displaced people. The countries that are most willing to take in these victims are Lebanon, with more than one million (1.1 million) and Turkey (1.8 million).

Now those thousands of people seek a little peace in Europe. This year alone nearly 300,000, both migrants and refugees, have crossed the Mediterranean sea. And the numbers grow daily. Their reception is charged with ill will, arousing fascist and xenophobic ideas in the population that betray great insensitivity, even a lack of humanity. Only after the tragedy of the island of Lampedusa, to the South of Italy, where 700 people drowned in April, 2014, was the operation Mare Nostrum launched, with the mission of searching for distressed ships.

Their reception is filled with incidents, especially in Spain and England. The most open and hospitable, notwithstanding the attacks on refugee camps, has been Germany. The phile-fascist government of Viktor Orban of Hungary has declared war on the refugees. It made a decision of great barbarity: ordering the construction of a razor-wire fence four meters high the whole length of the border with Serbia, to bar the arrival of those coming from the Middle East. The governments of Slovakia and Poland declared that they will only accept Christian refugees.

These are criminal measures. Aren’t all those who are suffering human beings? Are they not our brothers and sisters? Immanuel Kant was one of the first to propose a World Republic (Welterepublik) in his final book Perpetual Peace. He said that the first virtue of this republic would be hospitality, as the right of all, and it must be for all, because we all are children of the Earth.

All this is being shamefully denied by members of the European Community. The Judeo-Christian tradition always affirmed: whoever welcomes the stranger is unknowingly hosting God. The words of the quantum physicist Danah Zohar, who best wrote about spiritual intelligence, apply here: «The truth is that we and the others are a single one, that there is no separation, that we and the “stranger” are aspects of the one and only life» (QS: conciencia espiritual, Record 2002, p. 219). How different would be the tragic destiny of the refugees if these words were lived passionately and compassionately.

Free translation from the Spanish sent by
Melina Alfaro, alfaro_melina@yahoo.com.ar,
done at REFUGIO DEL RIO GRANDE, Texas, EE.UU.

Uma outra forma de resolver os conflitos

A humanidade, especialmente, sob o patriarcado, conheceu conflitos de toda ordem. A forma predominante de resolvê-los foi e é a utilização da violência, para dobrar o outro e enquadrá-lo numa determinada ordem. Esse é o pior dos caminhos, pois deixa nos vencidos um rastro de amargura, humilhação e de vontade de vingança. Estes sentimentos suscitam uma espiral da violência que hoje ganha especialmente a forma de terrorismo, expressão da vingança dos humilhados. Será esta o única forma de os seres humanos resolverem suas contendas?

Houve alguém que se considerava “um louco de Deus”(pazzus Dei), Francisco de Assis que poderia ser também o atual Francisco de Roma que perseguiu outro caminho. O anterior era o de ganha-perde. Este último, o ganha-ganha, esvaziando as bases para o espírito belicoso. Tomemos exemplos da prática de Francisco de Assis. Sua saudação usual era desejar a todos: “paz e bem”. Pedia aos seguidores:”Todo aquele que se aproximar, seja amigo ou inimigo, ladrão ou bandido, recebam-no com bondade”(Regra não bulada,7).

Consideremos a estratégia de Francisco face à violência. Tomemos duas legendas, que, como legendas, guardam o espírito melhor que a letra dos fatos: os ladrões do Borgo San Sepolcro e o lobo de Gubbio (Fioretti, c. 21).

Um bando de ladrões se escondiam nos bosques e saqueavam a redondeza e os transeuntes. Movidos pela fome foram ao eremitério dos frades para pedir comida. São atendidos mas não sem remorços destes:”Não é justo que demos esmola a esta casta de ladrões que tanto mal faz neste mundo”. Apresentam a questão a Francisco. Este sugeriu a seguinte estratégia: levar ao bosque pão e vinho e gritar-lhes:”Irmãos ladrões, vinde cá; somos irmãos e lhes trouxemos pão e vinho. Felizes, comem e bebem. Em seguida falem-lhe de Deus; mas não lhes peçam que abandonem a vida que levam porque seria pedir demais; apenas peçam que ao assaltar, não façam mal às pessoas. Numa outra vez, aconselha Francisco, levem coisa melhor: queijo e ovos. Mais felizes ainda os ladrões se refestelam. Mas ouvem a exortação dos frades: “larguem esta vida de fome e sofrimento; deixem de roubar; convertam-se ao trabalho que o bom Deus vai providenciar o necessário para o corpo e para a alma”. Os ladrões, comovidos por tanta bondade, deixam aquela vida e alguns até se fizeram frades.

Aqui se renuncia ao dedo em riste acusando e condenando em nome da aproximação calorosa e da confiança na energia escondida neles de ser outra coisa que ladrões. Supera-se todo maniqueismo que distribui a bondade de um lado e a maldade do outro. Na verdade, em cada um se esconde um possível ladrão e um possível frade. Com terno afeto se pode resgatar o frade escondido dentro do ladrão. E ocorreu.

Claramente aparece esta estratégia da renúncia da violência na legenda do lobo de Gubbio que atacava a população da pequena cidade. Supera-se de novo a esquematização: de um lado o “lobo grandíssimo, terrível e feroz” e do outro o povo bom, cheio de medo e armado. Dois atores se enfrentam cuja única relação é a violência e a destruição mútua. A estratégia de Francisco não é buscar uma trégua ou um equilíbrio de forças sob a égide do medo. Nem toma partido de um lado ou de outro, num falso farisaismo: “mau é o outro, não eu, e por isso deve ser destruído”. Ninguém se pergunta se dentro de cada um não pode se esconder um lobo mau e e ao mesmo tempo um bom cidadão?

O caminho de Francisco é desocultar esta união dos opostos e aproximar a ambos para que possam fazer um pacto de paz. Vai ao lobo e lhe diz:”irmão lobo, és homicida péssimo e mereces a forca; mas também reconheço que é pela fome que fazes tanto mal. Vamos fazer um pacto: a população vai te alimentar e tu deixarás de ameaçá-la”. Em seguida se dirige à população e lhes prega:”voltem-se para Deus, deixem de pecar.

Garantam alimento suficiente ao lobo e assim Deus os livrará dos castigos eternos e do lobo mau”. Diz a legenda que a cidadezinha mudou de hábitos, decidiu alimentar o lobo e este passeava entre todos, como se fosse um manso cidadão.
Houve intérpretes que leram essa legenda como uma metáfora da luta de classes. Pode ser. O fato é que a paz consequida não foi a vitória de um dos lados, mas a superação dos lados e dos partidos. Cada um cedeu, verificou-se o ganha-ganha e irrompeu a paz que não existe em si, mas que é fruto de uma construção coletiva entre os cidadãos e o lobo.

Conclusão: Francisco não acirrou as contradições nem remexeu a dimensão sombria onde se acoitam os ódios. Confiou na capacidade humanizadora da bondade, do diálogo e da mutua confiança. Não foi um ingênuo. Sabia que vivemos na “regio dissimilitudinis”, no mundo das desigualdades (Fioretti c. 37). Mas não se resignou a esta situação decadente. Intuía que para além da amargura, vigora no fundo de cada criatura uma bondade ignorada a ser resgatada. E o foi.
Chegará o dia em que os seres humanos assumirão a inteligência cordial e espiritual, cuja base biológica, os novos neurólogos identificaram e que completa a razão intelectual que divide e atomiza. Então teremos inaugurado o reino da paz e da concórdia. O lobo seguirá lobo mas não ameaçará mais ninguém.

Leonardo Boff escreveu Francisco de Assis: ternura e vigor, Vozes 2000.