Can the Church be Saved?

In a recent book of the same title, Can the Church Be Saved? (2012), this question was posed by Swiss-German Hans Küng, one of the best known and prolific theologians in the Catholic fold. Along with his colleague from the University of Tübingen, Joseph Ratzinger, he enthusiastically advocated for a renewal of the Church. Küng has written a great deal about the Church, ecumenism, religions and other relevant topics. Because one of his books questioned papal infallibility, he was harshly castigated by the former Inquisition. He did not abandon the Church, but pushes like very few others for her reform, writing books, open letters, and calls to the bishops and the Christian community to open up a dialogue on the modern world and the new situation of humanity on the planet. The sons and daughters of our time are not evangelized by showing them a model of Church, turned into a bastion of conservatism and authoritarianism and appearing like a fortress that is threatened by modernity, which is deemed responsible for all types of relativism. Let us say, by the way, that the ferocious criticism the present pope launches against relativism arises from the opposite pole, an invincible absolutism. This is the tone imposed by the two last popes, John Paul II and Benedict XVI: NO to reform, and a return to tradition and a strict discipline, orchestrated by the ecclesiastic hierarchy.

The present book: Can the Church be Saved? reads as an almost desperate cry for transformation, and, at the same time, as a generous manifestation of the hope that if a sad institutional collapse is to be avoided, such transformation is possible and necessary.

To start, let’s be clear, when Küng and I speak of Church, we mean the community of those who feel committed to the figure and cause of Jesus of Nazareth, whose focus resides in unconditional love, in the centrality of the poor and invisible, in the brotherhood and sisterhood of all human beings and in the revelation that we are sons and daughters of God, since it was Jesus himself who showed us that he was the Son of God who took on our contradictory humanity. This is the original and true meaning of Church. But historically the word Church has ben appropriated by the hierarchy (from the pope to the curates); that identifies itself as Church tout court and presents itself as the Church.

Well then, it is this second conception of Church, that Küng calls “the Roman system” that is in a profound crisis, this, “the hierarchical-institutional Church” or “the monarchic-absolutist structure of power”, whose seat is in the Vatican and is centered in the figure of the pope with the apparatus that surrounds him: the Roman curia. This crisis began centuries ago, and the cries for change run throughout the history of the Church, culminating in the Reform of the XVI Century and Vatican Council II (1962-1965) of our times. In structural terms, the structural reforms were always superficial, or delayed; or simply aborted.

Recently, however, the crisis has acquired a special gravity. The heart of the Church as institution, (pope, cardinals, bishops, curates), I repeat, not the great community of the faithful, has been affected, in that which was its great pretension: that of being “guide and teacher of morality” for all of humanity. Some already known facts have exposed this pretension, bringing discredit to the institutional Church, and causing a great flight of the faithful:

The financial scandals involving the Vatican Bank (IOR), that was transformed into a sort of off-shore money laundry; the secret documents that were taken, perhaps even from the papal desk by his own secretary, and sold to newspapers, revealing the power intrigues among cardinals; and particularly the question of the pedophile priests, thousands of cases in various countries, including priests, bishops and even Hans Hermann Groer, the cardinal of Vienna. A very grave mandate was given by then-cardinal Ratzinger to all bishops of the world to cover up, under pontifical secrecy, the sexual abuse of minors to avoid pedophile priests being denounced to civil authorities. Finally, the pope had to recognize the criminal character of pedophilia, and accept the judgment of civil tribunals.

Küng shows, with irrefutable historical erudition, the steps taken by popes as they passed from being successors of Peter, to vicars of Christ, to representatives of God on Earth. The titles that canon 331 confers on the pope are of such magnitude that, in reality, they only fit God. An absolute papal monarchy with a golden staff does not comport with the piece of wood of the Good Shepherd who cares for his sheep with love and confirms them in the faith, as the Master requested (Luke 22,32).

Can the Church be Saved?

In a recent book of the same title, Can the Church Be Saved? (2012), this question was posed by Swiss-German Hans Küng, one of the best known and prolific theologians in the Catholic fold. Along with his colleague from the University of Tübingen, Joseph Ratzinger, he enthusiastically advocated for a renewal of the Church. Küng has written a great deal about the Church, ecumenism, religions and other relevant topics. Because one of his books questioned papal infallibility, he was harshly castigated by the former Inquisition. He did not abandon the Church, but pushes like very few others for her reform, writing books, open letters, and calls to the bishops and the Christian community to open up a dialogue on the modern world and the new situation of humanity on the planet.

The sons and daughters of our time are not evangelized by showing them a model of Church, turned into a bastion of conservatism and authoritarianism and appearing like a fortress that is threatened by modernity, which is deemed responsible for all types of relativism. Let us say, by the way, that the ferocious criticism the present pope launches against relativism arises from the opposite pole, an invincible absolutism. This is the tone imposed by the two last popes, John Paul II and Benedict XVI: NO to reform, and a return to tradition and a strict discipline, orchestrated by the ecclesiastic hierarchy.

The present book: Can the Church be Saved? reads as an almost desperate cry for transformation, and, at the same time, as a generous manifestation of the hope that if a sad institutional collapse is to be avoided, such transformation is possible and necessary.

To start, let’s be clear, when Küng and I speak of Church, we mean the community of those who feel committed to the figure and cause of Jesus of Nazareth, whose focus resides in unconditional love, in the centrality of the poor and invisible, in the brotherhood and sisterhood of all human beings and in the revelation that we are sons and daughters of God, since it was Jesus himself who showed us that he was the Son of God who took on our contradictory humanity. This is the original and true meaning of Church. But historically the word Church has ben appropriated by the hierarchy (from the pope to the curates); that identifies itself as Church tout court and presents itself as the Church.

Well then, it is this second conception of Church, that Küng calls “the Roman system” that is in a profound crisis, this, “the hierarchical-institutional Church” or “the monarchic-absolutist structure of power”, whose seat is in the Vatican and is centered in the figure of the pope with the apparatus that surrounds him: the Roman curia. This crisis began centuries ago, and the cries for change run throughout the history of the Church, culminating in the Reform of the XVI Century and Vatican Council II (1962-1965) of our times. In structural terms, the structural reforms were always superficial, or delayed; or simply aborted.

Recently, however, the crisis has acquired a special gravity. The heart of the Church as institution, (pope, cardinals, bishops, curates), I repeat, not the great community of the faithful, has been affected, in that which was its great pretension: that of being “guide and teacher of morality” for all of humanity. Some already known facts have exposed this pretension, bringing discredit to the institutional Church, and causing a great flight of the faithful:

The financial scandals involving the Vatican Bank (IOR), that was transformed into a sort of off-shore money laundry; the secret documents that were taken, perhaps even from the papal desk by his own secretary, and sold to newspapers, revealing the power intrigues among cardinals; and particularly the question of the pedophile priests, thousands of cases in various countries, including priests, bishops and even Hans Hermann Groer, the cardinal of Vienna. A very grave mandate was given by then-cardinal Ratzinger to all bishops of the world to cover up, under pontifical secrecy, the sexual abuse of minors to avoid pedophile priests being denounced to civil authorities. Finally, the pope had to recognize the criminal character of pedophilia, and accept the judgment of civil tribunals.

Küng shows, with irrefutable historical erudition, the steps taken by popes as they passed from being successors of Peter, to vicars of Christ, to representatives of God on Earth. The titles that canon 331 confers on the pope are of such magnitude that, in reality, they only fit God. An absolute papal monarchy with a golden staff does not comport with the piece of wood of the Good Shepherd who cares for his sheep with love and confirms them in the faith, as the Master requested (Luke 22,32).

The Dimension of Depth: the Spirit and Spirituality

Human beings not only have appearance, that is their corporeal expression. Nor just interiority, that is their interior psychic universe. Human beings are also endowed with depth, their spiritual dimension.

The spirit is not a part of the human being alongside the other parts. Is the whole human being, who, through consciousness, discovers that s/he belongs to a Whole and is an integral part of that Whole. Through the spirit we are capable of going beyond simple appearances, of what we see, listen to, think about, and love. We can grasp the other side of things, their depth. Things are not just “things”. The spirit captures symbols and metaphors from a different reality, present in them but not circumscribed by them, because it spills over from them in all directions. They recall, describe, and lead to another dimension, what we call depth.

Thus, a mountain is not just a mountain. By the fact of being a mountain, it projects a feeling of majesty. The sea evokes grandiosity, the starry heaven, immensity; the deep lines on the face of an old man, a hard life’s struggle; and the shining eyes of a child, the mystery of life.

It behooves the human being, the carrier of spirit, to perceive values and meaning, and not simply to enumerate facts and actions. In the end, what really matters to people is not so much what happens to them, but what those events mean to their lives, and what type of important experience they offer.

Everything that happens carries existentially a symbolic, or, we can even say, a sacramental, character. As Goethe subtly observed: «Everything that is transient is nothing but a sign» (Alles Vergängliche ist nur ein Zeichen). A property of the sign-sacrament is that it presents a larger, transcendent, meaning, to be realized in the person and made an object of experience. In this sense, every event reminds us of what we have experienced and nourishes our depth.

This is why we fill our homes with photographs and beloved objects from our parents, grandparents, family and friends; from everyone who entered our lives and has meaning to us. It can be the last shirt worn by our father, who died suddenly of a heart attack when he was only 54 years old, the wooden comb of a beloved grandmother who passed away many years ago, the dried leaf in a book, sent by a lover, full of saudades. These things are not just objects; they are sacraments that speak to our depth, they remind us of beloved persons or meaningful events of our lives.

The spirit allows us to have a non-dualistic experience, very well describe by Zen-Buddhism. «You are the world, you are the whole» say the Upanishad of India while the guru points to the universe. Or «you are everything», as many yogis say. «The kingdom of God (Malkuta d’Alaha or ‘The Guiding Principle of Everything’) is within you», Jesus of Nazareth proclaims. These affirmations take us to a living experience more than to a simple doctrine.

The basic experience is that we are linked and re-linked (the root of the word “religion”), one to another, and all to the Fountain of Origin. A thread of energy, of life and meaning, runs through all beings, turning them into the cosmos, instead of chaos, into a symphony instead of a cacophony. Blaise Pascal, who besides being a mathematical genius was also a mystic, pointedly said: «The heart feels God, not reason»  (Pensées, frag. 277). This type of experience transforms everything. Everything is impregnated with veneration and unction.

Religions live from this spiritual experience. They flow from it. They express the experience in doctrines, rites, celebrations and ethical and spiritual paths. Their primary function is to create and to offer the necessary conditions to allow all persons and communities to submerge themselves in the divine reality and have a personal experience with the Spirit Creator. Sadly, many religions have fallen ill from fundamentalism and doctrines that make a spiritual experience difficult.

This experience, precisely because it is an experience and not a doctrine, radiates serenity and profound peace, accompanied by the absence of fear. We feel loved, embraced and welcomed into the Divine Bosom. What happens to us, happens within the Divine love. Death itself does not scare us. We accept it as part of life, and as the great alchemic moment of transformation that allows us to truly be part of the Whole, in the heart of God. We must pass through death so as to live more and better.

A cosmic view of evolution gives us hope

Let us forget for a second our normal way of looking at things, and try to put our present crisis in the framework of cosmic time. Perhaps this way we can understand it better; by seeing it relatively, we can gain a better grasp of it, in a hopeful context.

The Time of the Cosmos

Let’s imagine that the more or less 13 billion year history of the universe has been condensed into a single century. Each “cosmic year” would be equivalent to 113 million Earth years.

From this point of view, the Earth was born in the year 70 of the cosmic century, and life appeared in the oceans, to our surprise, somewhere after the 73rd year. During almost two cosmic decades, life was essentially limited to single cell bacteria.

A new creative phase began in the year 93, with the appearance of sexual reproduction of living organisms. This, together with other forces, was responsible for changing the face of the planet, because it radically transformed the atmosphere, the oceans, and geology of the Earth, allowing our planet to sustain more complex forms of life. A great part of the biosphere is the creation of those microorganisms.

In this new phase, the evolutionary process accelerated rapidly. Two years later, in the year 95, the first multi-cellular organisms appeared. One year later, in the year 96, we witnessed the appearance of nervous systems, and in the year 97, the first vertebrate organisms. Mammals appeared in the middle of the year 98, that is, two months after dinosaurs and an immense variety of plants.

Five cosmic months ago, asteroids fell on the Earth, destroying many species, including the dinosaurs. However, shortly thereafter, the Earth, as if taking revenge, produced a diversity of life such as never before.

It was during this era, when flowers appeared, that our ancestors entered the evolutionary scene. Then they became bipeds (twelve cosmic days ago), and with homo habilis, they began to use tools (6 cosmic days ago), while the homo erectus conquered fire (just one cosmic day ago). Twelve cosmic hours ago, modern humans appeared (homo sapiens).

During the afternoon and night of our first cosmic day, we lived in harmony with nature, and were attentive to her rhythms and dangers. Our presence had little impact on the biological community until 40 minutes ago, when we began to domesticate plants and animals and to develop agriculture. After that, our interventions on nature intensified, and twenty minutes ago, we began to build and inhabit cities.

Only two minutes ago has our impact become really threatening. Europe transformed herself into a technological society and expanded her power through colonialist exploration. In this phase the project-world was formed, creating a center with several peripheries and a gap between the rich and the poor.

In the last twelve seconds (since 1950) the rhythm of ecological exploration and destruction has dramatically accelerated. In this brief period, we have brought down almost half of the largest jungles. In the next twenty cosmic seconds, the temperature of the Earth will rise by up to 0.5º C, and within a short time, it could rise by up to 5º C, endangering the greater part of the biosphere and millions of people. In the last five cosmic seconds, the Earth has lost an amount of soil equivalent to all the arable land of France and China, and has been inundated by dozens of thousands of new chemical products, many of which are highly toxic, and threaten the very bases of life.

We are now exterminating from 27 to 100 thousand species a year. Some scientists estimate that in the next 7 cosmic seconds, from 20 to 50 % of all species will disappear. When will this stop? And why so much devastation?

We respond: so that a small portion of Humanity can have the private or corporate enjoyment of the “benefits” of civilization. The richest 20% actually make two hundred times more than the poorest 20%. At the start of 2008, before the present economic-financial crisis, a few thousand millionaires together had more or less double the combined annual income of the poorest 50%. In terms of income, the richest 1% of humanity receives the equivalent of what the poorest 57% receives.

The Time of the Earth

Our planet, the fruit of more than four billion years of evolution, is being devoured by a small minority of humans. For the first time in the history of human evolution, such a minority, and, to a lesser degree, all of us, are causing the problems discussed above. The dangers this creates threaten our future and our way of life.

However, while we insist on the gravity of the crisis, we don’t want to project such an apocalyptic vision that it causes paralysis and desperation. Just as we created these problems, we can also solve them, although some are irreversible. This means that there is hope of satisfactorily resolving the crisis.

Those who joined the High Gathering of the Peoples this past July in Rio de Janeiro, or took part in the World Social Forums, are aware that there are thousands and thousands of conscious and creative people, all over the world, working to formulate practical alternatives that can allow humanity to live with dignity, without hurting the health of the ecosystems and of Mother Earth.

We have the information and knowledge necessary to solve the present crisis. What we need is to activate the cordial and emotional intelligence that elicits the necessary dreams, solidarity, compassion, and feelings of interdependency and universal responsibility.

It is important to recognize that the threats we face are symptoms of a chronic cultural and spiritual illness. It affects all of us, especially the 20% of us who consume the greater part of the world’s wealth. This crisis forces us to create a different paradigm of civilization, because the present one is too destructive. This is what we write about so frequently in our articles.

Times of crisis can also be times of creativity, times when new visions and new opportunities appear. The Chinese character for crisis, weiji, results from the combination of the characters for danger and opportunity. This is not a simple contradiction or paradox; the very real dangers force us to look to the deeper causes and seek alternatives, so as not to waste the opportunities.

In our culture, crisis derives from the Sanskrit word, kri, that means to purify and to reveal. Thus, it is about a very painful, but highly positive, process of purifying our vision, that functions as a crucible of our ethical-spiritual attitudes. Both meanings, the Chinese and the Sanskrit, are illuminating.

Our time

We need to revisit the sources of wisdom of humanity’s many cultures. Some are ancestral and come to us through very diverse cultural and spiritual traditions. The category of the “good living” of the Andean cultures is fundamental. Others are more modern, such as profound ecology, feminism and eco-feminism, transpersonal psychology, and the new cosmology, derived from the complex sciences, astrophysics, and the new knowledge about life and the Earth.

I end with the testimony of two noted Northamerican ecologists and educators, Joanna Macy and Molly Young Brown, who affirm: «The most extraordinary characteristic of the present historical moment of the Earth is not that we are headed towards the devastation of our planet, because we have already been doing so for a long time, but that we are starting to awaken from a millenarian dream to a new type of relationship with nature, with life, with the Earth, with the others and with ourselves. This new understanding will make possible the so much longed for Great Transformation.» (Joanna Macy and Molly Young Brown, Nossa vida como Gaia, 2004, 37). The Great Transformation will come, by the grace of evolution, and of God.