I knew a Man….

Slender, elegant, always smoking his straw cigarette, he was a pioneer. When the Italian settlers no longer had lands to cultivate in Sierra Gaucha, they emigrated in groups to the interior of Santa Catarina, the land of Concordia, famous as the home of Sadia and Perdigao, the best known meat enterprises in the country. There was nothing there, except some mestizos, survivors of the Contestado war, groups of Kaigan Natives, and a superb, immense pine grove, stretching as far as the eye could see.

The Italian settlers came in caravans. They brought their teachers, their prayer leaders, and an immense will to work and build their lives from scratch. He had studied for several years with the Jesuits of São Leopoldo, and accumulated a broad humanistic knowledge. He knew Latin and Greek, and could read foreign languages. He came to enlighten the lives of the people. He was a teacher, a man of reference, highly regarded. He would teach classes in the morning and afternoon. At night, he taught Portuguese to the settlers who spoke only Italian and German at home. He also opened a small school for the more advanced, to train them as bookkeepers, to do the accounting for the stores and salesmen in the region.

Since the adults had special problems learning, he used a creative method. He became the agent for a radio distributing company, and ensured that each family had a radio at home. This way, they would learn «Brazilian» by listening to programs in Portuguese. He set up windmills and small generators at waterfalls, for them to recharge their batteries. As a school teacher, he was a Paulo Freire avant la lettre. He founded a two thousand book library. Each family would take home a book, read it, and on Sunday, after praying the rosary in Latin, a circle was organized, so that they could say, in Portuguese, what they had read and understood. We children laughed a lot at their poor Portuguese. He not only taught the basics, but what every settler needed to know: how to measure land, tile the roof of the munitions depo, calculate interest, care for the woods, clean the rivers and manage the sloped terrain.

He introduced us to the basics of philology, teaching us Latin and Greek words. As small children, sitting by the stove in the freezing cold, we had to recite the whole Greek alphabet, alfa, beta, gamma, delta… and later on in College, we would be filled with pride when we showed classmates and teachers the origin of words. He motivated his eleven children to read a lot. I would recite from memory phrases from Hegel and Darwin, without understanding them, just to impress others.

He was a teacher in the fullest sense of the word because he did not limit himself to the four walls of the classroom. He would take walks with the students, to contemplate nature, and explain the plant names, and importance of the waters and fruit trees. In those interior locales, far from everything, he acted as a pharmacist. He saved scores of lives with penicillin, when he was called, often very late at night. He learned from technical books the symptoms of various illnesses, and how to treat them.

In those remote lands of our country there lived one who was troubled by political and metaphysical problems. He even created a small gathering of friends who would get together to discuss «serious matters», but more than anything else, to listen to him. He read the classics of philosophy, such as Espinoza, Hegel, Darwin and Ortega y Gasset. He spent long hours at night glued to the radio, listening to foreign programs in order to stay informed about World War II.

He was critical of the Church of the priests, because they did not respect their neighbors, all German protestants, condemned to the fires of hell because they were not Catholic. He vigorously opposed those who discriminated against the «negriti» and the «spuzzetti» (those who smelled bad). We, his children, were made to sit beside them at school, in order to learn to respect and to coexist with those who are different.

His piety was internalized. He transmitted to us a spiritual and ethical sense of life: to be always honest, never to lie and to unconditionally trust Divine Providence. So that his eleven children could study and go to the university, he sold all the land he had or had inherited, piece by piece. In the end, he had to sell his house. His joy was boundless when we came back on vacation, because then he could converse with us for hours. And he would top us all. He died young, at 54, exhausted from so much work and from serving everyone. He knew he was going to die. He would dream of talking with Plato, arguing with Saint Augustine, and being among the wise.

At the very time and day I took off to study in Europe, his heart stopped. I only learned of it when I was in Munich. My brothers and sisters wrote piously his life’s motto on his grave stone: «From his lips we heard, from his life we learned: only a life spent serving others is a life worth living.»

On May 23, 2011 he would have been one hundred years old. This wise school teacher from the interior, was Mansueto Boff, my greatly beloved and much missed father.

A new Science? Analysis of the Cycle of Life (ACL)

The more general search for a good life and for caring for the global situation of the Earth is causing us to deepen our ecological consciousness. Now we have to analyze the traces of carbon, toxins, heavy metals found in the industrial products we use in our everyday lives. A new science is being born from this concern, known by the acronym ACV (from the Spanish, Análisis del Ciclo de Vida, or Analysis of the Cycle of Life, ACL.) The impacts on the biosphere, on society and on health in each stage of a product are monitored, starting from their extraction, production, distribution, consumption and their elimination.

Let’s take an example: in making a one kilogram crystal vase, incredible as it may sound, 659 different ingredients are used in the different stages until the final product appears. Which are harmful? The Analysis of the Cycle of Life seeks to identify them. It is also applied to the so called green, or ecologically clean, products. The majority are only green at the end, or clean only in their final utilization, as in the case of ethanol. Being realists, we must admit that all industrial production leaves a trace of toxins, no matter how small. Nothing is totally green or clean. Only relatively eco-friendly. This was examined by Daniel Goleman in his recent book, Ecological intelligence, (Kairos 2009).

It would be ideal if each product, in addition to detailing its nutrients, fats and vitamins, also stated its negative impacts on health, society and the environment. This is being done in the United States by Good Guide, an institution accessible via the Internet, that establishes a triple qualification: green, for relatively pure products, yellow, if they contain harmful but not extremely bad elements, and red, unadvisable due to its negative ecologic footprint. Now the roles have been reversed: it is no longer the seller, but the buyer who establishes the criteria for purchasing, or for consuming, a given product.

The mode of production is changing and our brains have not had enough time yet to follow that transformation. The brain has a sort of internal radar that lets us know when threats or dangers are near. Smells, colors, flavors and sounds warn us about the products, if they are damaged or if they are all right, if an animal is attacking us, or not.

It so happens that our brains do not yet register subtle ecologic changes, nor do they detect chemical particles disseminated in the air that can poison us. Through biotechnology and nanotechnology, we have already introduced 104,000 artificial chemical compounds. With the resource of the Analysis of the Cycle of Life we can prove, for instance, the extent to which these synthetic chemical substances decrease the number of male spermatozoids, to the point that millions of men are rendered infertile.

We cannot continue saying: ecological changes are good only if they do not affect costs and earnings. That form of thinking is backwards and alienated, because it does not note the changes that happen in the consciousness. The mantra of the new enterprises is now: «the more sustainable the better; the healthier the better, the more eco-friendly the better.»

Ecological intelligence will be added to other types of intelligence; including it is now more necessary than ever.

The Dangerous Arrogance of the Empire

Leonardo Boff
05-13-2011

I count myself among those who were enthused by the election of Barack Obama as president of the United States, especially coming after George Bush Jr, a bellicose, fundamentalist president, of very limited intelligence. Bush Jr. believed in the imminence of the Biblical Armageddon and followed to the letter the ideology of Manifest Destiny, invented by Northamerican imperialists to justify the war against Mexico. According to this ideology, the United States would be God’s new chosen people, who were to bring human rights, liberty and democracy to the world. This belief in its own exceptionality translated into a historic arrogance, that caused the United States to assume the right to impose on the whole world, through politics or through arms, her life style, and her vision of the world.

I was hoping the new president would no longer be hostage to this dreadful and imaginary divine election, because he announced in his program multilateralism and not hegemony; but I had my doubts, because behind theYes, we can could be hidden the old arrogance. Faced with economic-financial crisis he would proclaim that the United States had shown throughout her history that it could do anything, and would overcome the present situation. Now, on the occasion of the murder of Osama bin Laden, that he ordered, the mask fell. (In a country of laws, with separation of powers, does the executive have the power to kill, or does it fall to the judiciary to issue orders to apprehend, to judge and to punish?) The atavistic arrogance could not be hidden.

The president, of humble extraction, of African descent, born outside the continent, Moslem first and then converted to an Evangelical, clearly said: «What happened on Sunday is a message to the world: when we say that we will never forget, we mean what we say», that is as if he were saying: «terrorists of the whole world, we will kill you.»

There it is revealed, clearly, all the arrogance and imperialistic attitude of being above all ethics.

This makes me remember the phrase of a theologian who served twelve years in Rome as an advisor to the ex-Inquisition. He came to show his solidarity when I was enduring the doctrinaire process. He confessed to me: «Learn from my experience: the ex-Inquisition forgets nothing, forgives nothing and takes back everything: prepare yourself.» In effect, that is what I felt. Even worse is what happened to a moral theologian, dearly beloved in all Christendom, the German, Bernhard Häring. Suffering from throat cancer that almost did not let him talk, he was subjected to rigorous questioning in the dark hall of that instance of psychological terror, as a result of some statements he made about sexuality. On leaving, he confessed: «this questioning was worse than what I suffered under the Nazi SS during the war,» what means: etiquette is of little use, catholic or Nazi, all authoritarian and totalitarian systems obey the same logic, to take revenge on all, to not forget, or forgive.

This is what Barack Obama promised and he proposes to go ahead with the terrorist state created by his predecessor, keeping the Patriot Act, that authorizes the suspension of certain rights and the preventive detention of suspects, without informing even their families, which turns it into kidnapping.

Not without reason the Norwegian Johan Galtung, the man of the culture of Peace, creator of two institutions to investigate about Peace and inventor of theTranscend method in the mediation of conflicts (a sort of win-win politics), wrote: such acts bring the United States closer to a fascist state.

The truth is that we are facing an empire. It is the logical and necessary consequence of the presumed exceptionality. It is a singular empire, based not on territorial occupation or in colonies, but on 800 military bases distributed all over the world, the majority of which are unnecessary for Northamerican security. But they are there to instill fear and to guarantee the United States’ hegemony in the world. None of that has been dismantled by the new emperor, who did not close Guantanamo as he had promised and has sent thirty thousand soldiers to Afghanistan to a war already lost.

We can disagree with the basic thesis of Samuel P. Huntington in his controversial book, The Clash of Civilizations, but there are observations worth noting, such as this: «the belief in the superiority of Western culture is false, immoral, and dangerous.» (p. 395) More: «Western intervention probably constitutes the most dangerous source of instability and of a possible global conflict in a multi-civilization world.» (p. 397) Thus, the conditions for such a tragedy are being created by the United States and her European allies.

One thing is the North American people, decent, hard working, and somehow naive, that we admire, and another is the imperial government, which does not respect the international treaties that go against its interests and is capable of all forms of violence. But there are no eternal empires. The moment will come when it will be just one more number in the cemetery of vanished empires.

Leonardo Boff
05-13-2011

There has not been justice, only revenge

NOTA:Muitos amigos estrangeiros pediram a tradução inglesa e espanhola de meu texto para terem acesso ao seu conteúdo. LB

One would have to be one’s own enemy and against the minimal humanitarian values to approve of Al Qaeda’s horrendous terrorist crime of September 11, 2001, in New York City. But from all perspectives, it is unacceptable for a State, the world’s most militarily powerful, to respond to terrorism by transforming itself into a terrorist State. This was what Bush did, limiting democracy and suspending the unconditional applicability of some rights that were the pride of the country. He did more: he directed two wars, against Afghanistan and against Iraq -where he devastated one of the most ancient cultures of humanity-, in which more than one hundred thousand peope have died, and more than a million displaced.

It is worth repeating the question that very few want to ask: why did those terrorists acts happen? Bishop Robert Bowman, from Melbourne Beach, Florida, who was a military pilot during the Viet-Nam war, clearly replied in an open letter to the President, in the National Catholic Reporter: «We are the target of terrorists because, in a large part of the world our Government defends dictatorships, slavery, and human exploitation. We are the target of terrorists because we are hated. And we are hated because our Government does hateful things.»

Richard Clarke, the person responsible for combating terrorism in the White House, said the same in an interview with Jorge Pontual, for Globonews, on 02/28//2010 and repeated it on 05/03/2011. He had warned the CIA and President Bush that an Al Qaeda attack was imminent in New York. They did not listen to him. It happened shortly thereafter. That enraged him. His rage against the Government grew, when he saw that with lies and falsehoods, Bush, from a sheer imperial will to maintain world hegemony, decreed a war against Iraq that had no connection whatsoever with September 11. His rage reached the point where, for the sake of his health and decency, he resigned his post.

More forceful was Chalmers Johnson, one of the principal analysts of the CIA, in an interview with the same journalist, on May 2nd of this year. He knew from within the damage caused by the more than 800 Northamerican military bases, all over the world, that incite in the populations the rage and revolt that are the breeding ground for terrorism. He quotes the book by Eduardo Galeano, «The Open Veins of Latin America», to illustrate the atrocities the Northamerican organs of intelligence committed in Latin America. He denounces the imperial character of the Governments, founded on the use of intelligence that recommends coups d’etat, organizes the murder of leaders, and teaches how to torture. He resigned in protest, and became a professor of history at the University of California. He wrote three volumes, «Blowback», in which he foresaw, with a few months of anticipation, the acts of revenge against Northamerican prepotency in the world. He has been seen as the prophet of September 11.

That is the backdrop for understanding the present situation that led to Osama Bin Laden’s criminal execution.

The Northamerican organs of intelligence are failures. For ten years they have swept the world, hunting for Bin Laden. They accomplished nothing. Only using an immoral method, the torture of a messenger of Bin Laden, did they manage to get to his hiding place. Consequently, they have not had any merit of their own.

Everything in that hunt falls under the sign of immorality, shame and crime. In the first place, President Barak Obama, as if he were a «god» decreed the execution/murder of Bin Laden. That goes against the universal ethical principle of «do not kill» and of the international agreements that prescribe prison, trial and punishment of the accused. That was done with Hussein of Iraq, with the Nazi criminals of Nurenberg, with Eichman in Israel and with other accused. With Bin Laden, intentional execution was preferred, a crime for which Barak Obama must answer one day. Moreover, the territory of Pakistan has been invaded, with no prior warning of the operation. Subsequently, the corpse was taken and thrown into the sea, a crime against family piety, the right every family has to bury their own dead, criminals or not, because no matter how bad they have been, they never stop being human..

Justice has not been done. Revenge has been practiced, which is always condemnable. «Vengeance is Mine», says the God of the Scriptures of the three Abrahamic religions. Now we will be under the power of an Emperor on whom weighs the accusation of murder. And the necrophilia of the multitudes lessens and shames us all.

Servicios Koinonia, http://www.servicioskoinonia.org.
Done at REFUGIO DEL RIO GRANDE, Texas, EE.UU.