I knew a Man….

Slender, elegant, always smoking his straw cigarette, he was a pioneer. When the Italian settlers no longer had lands to cultivate in Sierra Gaucha, they emigrated in groups to the interior of Santa Catarina, the land of Concordia, famous as the home of Sadia and Perdigao, the best known meat enterprises in the country. There was nothing there, except some mestizos, survivors of the Contestado war, groups of Kaigan Natives, and a superb, immense pine grove, stretching as far as the eye could see.

The Italian settlers came in caravans. They brought their teachers, their prayer leaders, and an immense will to work and build their lives from scratch. He had studied for several years with the Jesuits of São Leopoldo, and accumulated a broad humanistic knowledge. He knew Latin and Greek, and could read foreign languages. He came to enlighten the lives of the people. He was a teacher, a man of reference, highly regarded. He would teach classes in the morning and afternoon. At night, he taught Portuguese to the settlers who spoke only Italian and German at home. He also opened a small school for the more advanced, to train them as bookkeepers, to do the accounting for the stores and salesmen in the region.

Since the adults had special problems learning, he used a creative method. He became the agent for a radio distributing company, and ensured that each family had a radio at home. This way, they would learn «Brazilian» by listening to programs in Portuguese. He set up windmills and small generators at waterfalls, for them to recharge their batteries. As a school teacher, he was a Paulo Freire avant la lettre. He founded a two thousand book library. Each family would take home a book, read it, and on Sunday, after praying the rosary in Latin, a circle was organized, so that they could say, in Portuguese, what they had read and understood. We children laughed a lot at their poor Portuguese. He not only taught the basics, but what every settler needed to know: how to measure land, tile the roof of the munitions depo, calculate interest, care for the woods, clean the rivers and manage the sloped terrain.

He introduced us to the basics of philology, teaching us Latin and Greek words. As small children, sitting by the stove in the freezing cold, we had to recite the whole Greek alphabet, alfa, beta, gamma, delta… and later on in College, we would be filled with pride when we showed classmates and teachers the origin of words. He motivated his eleven children to read a lot. I would recite from memory phrases from Hegel and Darwin, without understanding them, just to impress others.

He was a teacher in the fullest sense of the word because he did not limit himself to the four walls of the classroom. He would take walks with the students, to contemplate nature, and explain the plant names, and importance of the waters and fruit trees. In those interior locales, far from everything, he acted as a pharmacist. He saved scores of lives with penicillin, when he was called, often very late at night. He learned from technical books the symptoms of various illnesses, and how to treat them.

In those remote lands of our country there lived one who was troubled by political and metaphysical problems. He even created a small gathering of friends who would get together to discuss «serious matters», but more than anything else, to listen to him. He read the classics of philosophy, such as Espinoza, Hegel, Darwin and Ortega y Gasset. He spent long hours at night glued to the radio, listening to foreign programs in order to stay informed about World War II.

He was critical of the Church of the priests, because they did not respect their neighbors, all German protestants, condemned to the fires of hell because they were not Catholic. He vigorously opposed those who discriminated against the «negriti» and the «spuzzetti» (those who smelled bad). We, his children, were made to sit beside them at school, in order to learn to respect and to coexist with those who are different.

His piety was internalized. He transmitted to us a spiritual and ethical sense of life: to be always honest, never to lie and to unconditionally trust Divine Providence. So that his eleven children could study and go to the university, he sold all the land he had or had inherited, piece by piece. In the end, he had to sell his house. His joy was boundless when we came back on vacation, because then he could converse with us for hours. And he would top us all. He died young, at 54, exhausted from so much work and from serving everyone. He knew he was going to die. He would dream of talking with Plato, arguing with Saint Augustine, and being among the wise.

At the very time and day I took off to study in Europe, his heart stopped. I only learned of it when I was in Munich. My brothers and sisters wrote piously his life’s motto on his grave stone: «From his lips we heard, from his life we learned: only a life spent serving others is a life worth living.»

On May 23, 2011 he would have been one hundred years old. This wise school teacher from the interior, was Mansueto Boff, my greatly beloved and much missed father.

Conheço um homem….

Esbelto, de figura elegante, sempre fumando seu palheiro, ele foi um desbravador. Quando os colonos italianos não tinham mais terras para cultivar na Serra Gaúcha, eles, em grupo, emigraram para o interior de Santa Catarina, para as terras de Concórdia, notória por ser a sede das mais conhecidas empresas de carnes do pais, a Sadia e a Perdigão. Não havia nada, exceto alguns caboclos, sobreviventes da guerra do Contestado e grupos de indígenas kaigan. Reinavam os pinheirais, soberbos, a perder de vista.

Os colonos italianos vieram, organizados em caravanas, trazendo seu professor, seu puxador de reza e uma imensa vontade de trabalhar e de fazer a vida a partir do nada. Ele estudara vários anos com os jesuitas de São Leopoldo e acumulara vasto saber humanístico. Sabia latim e grego e lia em linguas estrangeiras. Viera para animar a vida daquela povera gente. Era mestre-escola, figura de referência e respeitadíssimo. Dava aulas de manhã e de tarde. À noite ensinava português para colonos que só falavam em casa italiano e alemão. Ao lado disso, abriu uma escolinha com os mais inteligentes para formá-los como guarda-livros para fazer a contabilidade das bodegas e vendas da região.

Como os adultos tinham especial dificuldade em aprender, usou um método criativo. Fez-se representante de uma distribuidora de rádios. Obrigava cada família a ter um rádio em casa e assim aprender o “brasilian” ouvindo programas em português. Montava cataventos e pequenos dínamos onde havia uma cascata para que pudessem recarregar as baterias. Como mestre-escola era um Paulo Freire avant la lettre. Conseguiu montar uma biblioteca de dois mil livros. Obrigava cada familia a levar um livro para casa, lê-lo e no domingo, depois da reza do terço em latim, formava-se uma roda onde cada um contava em português o que havia lido e entendido. Nós, pequenos, ríamos, a mais não poder, pelo português ruim que falavam.

Não ensinava apenas o básico, mas tudo o que um colono devia saber: como medir terras, como devia ser o telhado do paiol, como tirar os juros, como cuidar da mata ciliar e tratar os terrenos com grande declive. Introduzia-nos nos rudimentos de filologia, ensinando-nos as palavras latinas e gregas. Nós pequenos, sentados atrás do fogão por causa do frio gélido, devíamos recitar todo o alfabeto grego, alpha, beta, gama, delta, teta…E mais tarde no colégio, nos enchíamos de orgulho ao mostrar aos outros e até aos professores donde vinham as palavras. Aos onze filhos incitava-os à muita leitura. Eu decorava frases de Hegel e de Darwin, sem entendê-las, para dar a impressão que tinha mais cultura que os outros.

Mas era um mestra-escola no sentido pleno da palavra porque não se restringia às quatro paredes. Saía com os alunos para contemplar a natureza, explicar-lhes os nomes das plantas, a importância das águas e das árvores frutíferas. Naqueles interiores distantes de tudo, funcionava como farmacêutico. Salvou dezenas de vidas usando a piniscilina sempre que chamado, não raro, tarde da noite. Estudava em livros técnicos os sintomas das doenças e como tratá-las.

Naqueles fundos ignotos de nosso pais, havia uma pessoa angustiada por problemas políticos e metafísicos. Criou até uma pequena roda de amigos que gostavam de discutir “coisas sérias” mas mais que tudo para ouvi-lo. Sem interlocutores, lia os clássicos do pensamento como Spinoza, Hegel, Darwin, Ortega y Gasset. Passava longas horas à noite colado ao rádio para escutar programas estrangeiros e se informar do andamento da segunda guerra mundial.

Era crítico à Igreja dos padres porque estes não respeitavam os vizinhos, todos protestantes alemães, condenados já ao fogo do inferno por não serem católicos. Opunha-se com dureza àqueles que discriminavam os “negriti” e os “spuzzetti”(os que cheiravam mal). A nós, filhos, obrigava-nos a sentar na escola sempre ao lado deles para aprender a respeitá-los e a conviver com os diferentes.

Sua piedade era interiorizada. Passou-nos um sentido espiritual e ético de vida: ser sempre honesto, nunca enganar e confiar irrestritamente na Providência divina. Para que seus onze filhos pudessem estudar e chegar à universidade vendia, aos pedaços, todas as terras que tinha ou herdara. No fim, vendeu até a própria casa. Sua alegria era sem limites quando vínhamos de férias pois assim podia discutir horas e horas conosco. E nos batia a todos.

Morreu jovem, com 54 anos, extenuado de tanto trabalho e de serviço em função de todos. Sabiaa que ia morrer. Sonhava conversar com Platão, discutir com Santo Agostinho e estar entre os sábios. Na mesma hora e no mesmo dia em que embarquei no navio para estudar na Europa seu coração deixou de bater. Vim saber somente um mes depois, quando cheguei em Munique. Os irmãos e as irmãs piedosamente inscreveram seu lema de vida na sua tumba:”De sua boca ouvimos, de sua vida aprendemos: quem não vive para servir não serve para viver”.

No dia 25 de maio de 2011 ele completaria cem anos. Este mestre-escola sábio e interiorano era Mansueto Boff, meu querido e saudoso pai.

A new Science? Analysis of the Cycle of Life (ACL)

The more general search for a good life and for caring for the global situation of the Earth is causing us to deepen our ecological consciousness. Now we have to analyze the traces of carbon, toxins, heavy metals found in the industrial products we use in our everyday lives. A new science is being born from this concern, known by the acronym ACV (from the Spanish, Análisis del Ciclo de Vida, or Analysis of the Cycle of Life, ACL.) The impacts on the biosphere, on society and on health in each stage of a product are monitored, starting from their extraction, production, distribution, consumption and their elimination.

Let’s take an example: in making a one kilogram crystal vase, incredible as it may sound, 659 different ingredients are used in the different stages until the final product appears. Which are harmful? The Analysis of the Cycle of Life seeks to identify them. It is also applied to the so called green, or ecologically clean, products. The majority are only green at the end, or clean only in their final utilization, as in the case of ethanol. Being realists, we must admit that all industrial production leaves a trace of toxins, no matter how small. Nothing is totally green or clean. Only relatively eco-friendly. This was examined by Daniel Goleman in his recent book, Ecological intelligence, (Kairos 2009).

It would be ideal if each product, in addition to detailing its nutrients, fats and vitamins, also stated its negative impacts on health, society and the environment. This is being done in the United States by Good Guide, an institution accessible via the Internet, that establishes a triple qualification: green, for relatively pure products, yellow, if they contain harmful but not extremely bad elements, and red, unadvisable due to its negative ecologic footprint. Now the roles have been reversed: it is no longer the seller, but the buyer who establishes the criteria for purchasing, or for consuming, a given product.

The mode of production is changing and our brains have not had enough time yet to follow that transformation. The brain has a sort of internal radar that lets us know when threats or dangers are near. Smells, colors, flavors and sounds warn us about the products, if they are damaged or if they are all right, if an animal is attacking us, or not.

It so happens that our brains do not yet register subtle ecologic changes, nor do they detect chemical particles disseminated in the air that can poison us. Through biotechnology and nanotechnology, we have already introduced 104,000 artificial chemical compounds. With the resource of the Analysis of the Cycle of Life we can prove, for instance, the extent to which these synthetic chemical substances decrease the number of male spermatozoids, to the point that millions of men are rendered infertile.

We cannot continue saying: ecological changes are good only if they do not affect costs and earnings. That form of thinking is backwards and alienated, because it does not note the changes that happen in the consciousness. The mantra of the new enterprises is now: «the more sustainable the better; the healthier the better, the more eco-friendly the better.»

Ecological intelligence will be added to other types of intelligence; including it is now more necessary than ever.

UNA NUEVA CIENCIA? ANÁLISIS DEL CICLO DE VIDA

La búsqueda de un vivir bien más generalizado y del cuidado de la situación global de la Tierra está haciendo profundizar cada vez más nuestra conciencia ecológica. Ahora se impone analizar el rastro de carbono, de toxinas, de elementos químicos pesados, presentes en los productos industriales que usamos en nuestro día-a-día. De esta preocupación está naciendo una verdadera ciencia nueva, conocida con la sigla ACV: Análisis del Ciclo de Vida. Se monitorizan  los impactos sobre la biosfera, sobre la sociedad y sobre la salud en cada etapa de un producto, comenzando por su extracción, su producción, su distribución, su consumo y su eliminación.

Damos un ejemplo: en la fabricación de un jarrón de cristal de un kilo entran, por increíble que parezca, 659 ingredientes diferentes en las distintas etapas hasta llegar al producto final. ¿Cuáles son perjudiciales? El Análisis del Ciclo de Vida busca identificarlos. Se aplica también a los llamados productos verdes o ecológicamente limpios. La mayoría es solamente verde al final o limpio sólo en su utilización terminal, como es el caso del etanol. Siendo realistas, debemos admitir que toda la producción industrial deja siempre un rastro de toxinas, por mínimo que sea. Nada es totalmente verde o limpio, sólo relativamente ecoamigable. Esto ha sido detallado por Daniel Goleman en su reciente libro Inteligencia ecológica (Kairós 2009).
 
Lo ideal sería que en cada producto, junto con la referencia de sus nutrientes, grasas y vitaminas, estuviesen indicados los impactos negativos sobre la salud, la sociedad y el ambiente. Esto lo está haciendo en Estados Unidos una institución, Good Guide, accesible desde el móvil, que establece una triple calificación: verde, para productos relativamente puros, amarillo si contienen elementos perjudiciales pero no gravemente, y rojo, desaconsejables por su huella ecológica negativa. Ahora se han invertido los papeles: ya no es el vendedor sino el comprador quien establece los criterios para la compra o para el consumo de determinado producto.

El modo de producción está cambiando y nuestro cerebro no ha tenido tiempo suficiente todavía para seguir esa transformación. El cerebro posee una especie de radar interno que nos avisa cuando se avecinan amenazas y peligros. Los olores, los colores, los sabores y los sonidos nos advierten sobre los productos, si están estropeados o si son sanos, si un animal nos ataca o no.

Pero sucede que nuestro cerebro no registra aún cambios ecológicos sutiles, ni detecta partículas químicas diseminadas en el aire y que pueden envenenarnos. Ya hemos introducido 104 mil compuestos químicos artificiales a través de la biotecnología y la nanotecnología. Con el recurso del Análisis del Ciclo de Vida constatamos, por ejemplo, cuánto hacen disminuir estas sustancias químicas sintéticas el número de espermatozoides masculinos hasta el punto de generar infertilidad en millones de hombres.

No podemos seguir diciendo: los cambios ecológicos sólo serán buenos si no afectan los costes y los rendimientos. Esta mentalidad está atrasada y alienada, pues no se da cuenta de los cambios habidos en la conciencia. El mantra de las nuevas empresas es ahora: «cuanto más sostenible, mejor; cuanto más sano, mejor; cuanto más eco-compatible, mejor».

La inteligencia ecológica se añadirá a otros tipos de inteligencia; ahora es más necesario que nunca.

Vea el libro del autor, Proteger o planeta, cuidar da Terra,  Record 2010.