Aren’t they human beings, our brothers and sisters?

A society’s level of civilization and of humanitarian spirit is measured by how it welcomes and coexists with those who are different. By this measure, Europe offers a pitiful example, one that borders on barbarism. Europe reveals herself as so self-centered and self-congratulatory that it is extremely hard for her to welcome and coexist with those who are different.

The strategy generally was and continues to be this: either exclude or destroy the other. This is what happened in the process of colonial expansion in Africa, Asia and principally in Latin America. They destroyed whole nations, as in Haiti, Mexico and Peru.

The primary limit on Western European culture is her arrogance, as is seen in its presumption of being the most developed in the world, as having the best form of government (democracy), the highest awareness of rights, as the creator of philosophy and technology, and, if that was not enough, as the carrier of the one true religion: Christianity. Traces of this arrogance can still be seen in the Preamble of the Constitution of the European Union. There it is simply asserted:

«The European continent is the bearer of civilization, its people have inhabited it since the beginning of humanity in successive phases, and throughout the centuries they developed the values that are the basis of humanism: the equality of all human beings, liberty, and the value of reason…»

This vision is only partly true. It forgets the frequent violations of those rights, the catastrophes it created with totalitarian ideologies, devastating wars, pitiless colonialism and ferocious imperialism that subjugated and destroyed whole cultures in Africa and in Latin America, in direct contrast to the values they proclaim. The dramatic state of the world today and the quantities of refugees who come from the Mediterranean countries are due, in great part, to the type of globalization Europe supports, since, in concrete terms, it constitutes a sort of later day Westernization of the world, more than the development of a true global community.

This is the background that helps us understand the ambiguities and the resistance of most European countries to receiving the refugees and immigrants who come from the countries of North Africa and of the Middle East, fleeing the terror of the war, caused in great part by Western Intervention (NATO) and especially by the imperialistic policies of the United States.

According to data from the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), just this year 60 million of persons have been forced to abandon their homes. The Syrian conflict alone has created 4 million displaced people. The countries that are most willing to take in these victims are Lebanon, with more than one million (1.1 million) and Turkey (1.8 million).

Now those thousands of people seek a little peace in Europe. This year alone nearly 300,000, both migrants and refugees, have crossed the Mediterranean sea. And the numbers grow daily. Their reception is charged with ill will, arousing fascist and xenophobic ideas in the population that betray great insensitivity, even a lack of humanity. Only after the tragedy of the island of Lampedusa, to the South of Italy, where 700 people drowned in April, 2014, was the operation Mare Nostrum launched, with the mission of searching for distressed ships.

Their reception is filled with incidents, especially in Spain and England. The most open and hospitable, notwithstanding the attacks on refugee camps, has been Germany. The phile-fascist government of Viktor Orban of Hungary has declared war on the refugees. It made a decision of great barbarity: ordering the construction of a razor-wire fence four meters high the whole length of the border with Serbia, to bar the arrival of those coming from the Middle East. The governments of Slovakia and Poland declared that they will only accept Christian refugees.

These are criminal measures. Aren’t all those who are suffering human beings? Are they not our brothers and sisters? Immanuel Kant was one of the first to propose a World Republic (Welterepublik) in his final book Perpetual Peace. He said that the first virtue of this republic would be hospitality, as the right of all, and it must be for all, because we all are children of the Earth.

All this is being shamefully denied by members of the European Community. The Judeo-Christian tradition always affirmed: whoever welcomes the stranger is unknowingly hosting God. The words of the quantum physicist Danah Zohar, who best wrote about spiritual intelligence, apply here: «The truth is that we and the others are a single one, that there is no separation, that we and the “stranger” are aspects of the one and only life» (QS: conciencia espiritual, Record 2002, p. 219). How different would be the tragic destiny of the refugees if these words were lived passionately and compassionately.

Free translation from the Spanish sent by
Melina Alfaro, alfaro_melina@yahoo.com.ar,
done at REFUGIO DEL RIO GRANDE, Texas, EE.UU.

Die Krise des Lebens und der Selbstverwirklichung

Von Krise spricht man im Allgemeinen nur als von der Krise der Krise; der Krise der Erde und der Krise des Lebens, das vom Verschwinden bedroht ist, wie Papst Franziskus in seiner Enzyklika über die „Sorge für das Gemeinsame Haus“ aufzeigt. Doch alles im Leben ist von Krise gekennzeichnet: die Krise der Geburt, der Jugend, der Wahl des Lebenspartners, der Berufswahl, des Mittagsdämons, wie Freud die Midlife-Crisis der Menschen in ihren 40er Jahren bezeichnet, wenn uns bewusst wird, dass wir schon den Gipfel erreicht haben und im Abstieg begriffen sind. Und schließlich die große Krise des Todes, wenn wir von Zeit zu Ewigkeit schreiten.

Die vor uns liegende Herausforderung besteht nicht darin, diese Krisen zu vermeiden. Sie sind dem menschlichen Leben eigen. Die Frage besteht darin, wie wir ihnen begegnen: welche Lehre ziehen wir aus ihnen und wie können wir an ihnen wachsen. Der Weg unserer Selbstverwirklichung und unserer Reife als menschliche Wesen führt durch diese Krisen.

Jede Situation ist gut, jeder Ort ist exzellent dazu geeignet, dass wir uns an uns selbst messen und in unsere tiefe Dimension eintauchen und den fundamentalen Archetypus hervorbringen, den wir in uns tragen (die Grundtendenz, die uns stets zu schaffen macht) und der danach drängt, durch uns zum Vorschein zu kommen und seine eigene Geschichte zu machen, die auch unsere wahre Geschichte ist. Hier kann sich niemand von einem anderen vertreten lassen. Jeder von uns ist allein. Dies ist die fundamentale Lebensaufgabe. Doch wer auf dieser seiner Reise gläubig ist, ist nicht mehr allein. Er/sie hat eine persönliche Mitte gefunden, von wo aus sich alle anderen Reisenden finden lassen. Aus Einsamkeit wird dann Solidarität.

Die Geographie der spirituellen Welt unterscheidet sich von der der physikalischen Welt. In der Geographie der physikalischen Welt berühren die Länder einander an ihren Grenzen. In der anderen Geographie berühren Menschen einander durch ihre persönliche Mitte. Gleichgültigkeit, Mittelmäßigkeit, Mangel an Leidenschaft auf der Suche nach unserem tiefen Ich distanzieren uns von unserer Mitte und der der anderen, und darum verlieren wir die Verbundenheit, selbst wenn wir diesen anderen nahe sind, uns unter ihnen befinden und versuchen, ihnen zu Diensten zu sein.

Welches ist der beste Dienst, den ich anderen anbieten kann? Ich selbst zu sein, als ein Beziehungs-Wesen und daher stets mit anderen verbunden, ein Wesen, das sich für das Gute für sich und für die anderen entscheidet, das sich von der Wahrheit leiten lässt, das liebt und Mitgefühl und Mitleid empfindet.

Persönliche Verwirklichung besteht nicht in der Menge von persönlichen Fähigkeiten, die wir erwerben können, sondern in deren Qualität, in der Art und Weise, wie wir versuchen, das, was unser Leben gerade von uns verlangt, gut zu tun. Die Quantifizierung, das Streben nach Titeln, nach endlosen Auszeichnungen, könnte in vielen persönlichen Fällen Flucht vor der Begegnung mit unserer eigentlichen Lebensaufgabe bedeuten: uns mit uns selbst zu messen, mit unseren Wünschen, unseren Beschränkungen, unseren Problemen, mit unseren positiven und negativen Seiten und diese auf kreative Weise in unser Leben zu integrieren. Die Anhäufung von bedeutungslosem Wissen, das uns nur noch arroganter macht und uns von den anderen distanziert, zu vermeiden, ist, was uns reifer werden lässt und uns ermöglicht, uns und die Welt besser zu verstehen. Es sind ihre eigenen Worte, die die Menschen verraten, welche sagen: „ICH bin es, der weiß; ICH bin es, der es tut; ICH bin es, der entscheidet.“ Es ist immer das ICH und niemals das UNS oder die Sache, in der man sich mit anderen im Einklang befindet.

Persönliche Verwirklichung ist nicht so sehr das Werk der Vernunft, die mit allen Dingen beschäftigt ist, sondern das des Geistes, d. h. unserer Kapazität, Visionen zu schaffen, denen es um Zusammengehörigkeit geht und darum, den Dingen ihren eigentlichen Platz und Wert zu geben. Den Geist brauchen wir, um die Bedeutung jeder Situation zu erfassen. Daher gehören die Lebensweisheit und die Erfahrung des Mysteriums Gottes, das es in jedem Augenblick zu entziffern gilt, in den Bereich des Geistes. Es ist dies die Kapazität, sein Selbst völlig hineinzugeben in das, was man tut. Spiritualität ist weder eine Wissenschaft noch eine Technik, sondern die Art, sich voll und ganz in jede Situation hineinzugeben.

Die erste Aufgabe der Selbstverwirklichung besteht darin, unsere Situation mit ihren Grenzen und Möglichkeiten zu akzeptieren. Jede Situation ist vollkommen, nicht quantitativ zerstreut, sondern qualitativ gesammelt wie in einem Zentrum. In dieses Zentrum unseres Selbst zu gelangen heißt, die anderen zu finden, alle Dinge und Gott zu finden. Aus diesem Grund heißt es in der uralten Weisheit Indiens: „Wenn jemand in seinen eigenen vier Wänden korrekt denkt, werden seine Gedanken noch Tausende von Kilometern entfernt vernommen.“ Willst du andere verändern, so beginne bei dir selbst.

Eine weitere unabdingbare Aufgabe für die persönliche Verwirklichung besteht darin, mit dem letzten Ende, dem Tod, zu koexistieren. Wer dem Tod einen Sinn zu verleihen vermag, gibt auch dem Leben einen Sinn. Wer die Bedeutung des Todes nicht versteht, dem gelingt es auch nicht, den Sinn des Lebens zu entdecken. Der Tod ist jedoch mehr als der letzte Moment oder das Ende des Lebens. Das Leben selbst ist tödlich. In anderen Worten: wir sterben langsam, Stück für Stück, denn sobald wir geboren werden, beginnen wir zu sterben, dahin zu welken und uns vom Leben zu verabschieden. Als erstes verabschieden wir uns vom Mutterleib und verlassen ihn. Dann sagen wir Lebewohl zur Kindheit, zur Jugend, zur Schule, zum Elternhaus, zum Erwachsenenalter, zu einigen unserer Aufgaben, zu jedem Moment, der vergeht, und schließlich verabschieden wir uns vom Leben selbst.

Dieser Abschied lässt nicht nur Dinge und Situationen zurück, doch immer auch etwas von uns selbst. Wir müssen loslassen, arm werden und uns selbst entleeren. Was bedeutet all dies? Purer unverbesserlicher Fatalismus? Oder gibt es einen verborgenen Sinn? Wir entledigen uns selbst aller Dinge, sogar unserer selbst in unserem letzten Lebensmoment (Tod), denn wir wurden weder für diese Welt noch für uns selbst geschaffen, sondern für das Große Andere, das unser Leben füllen muss: Gott. Gott nimmt im Leben alles von uns, um uns nur umso mehr für Sich vorzubehalten. Er kann uns sogar die Gewissheit nehmen, dass sich all die Mühe gelohnt hat. Und selbst dann halten wir daran fest, vertrauen wir auf die heiligen Worte: „Denn selbst wenn uns unser Herz verurteilt, ist Gott größer als unser Herz.“ (1 Joh 3,20). Wem es gelingt, das Negative, einschließlich der Ungerechtigkeit, in seine eigene Mitte zu integrieren, der hat das höchste Maß an Menschwerdung und an innerer Freiheit erreicht.

Das Negative und die Krise, die wir durchleben, können uns eine Lehre sein: die Lehre des Loslassens und der Vorbereitung auf die totale Vollkommenheit in Gott. Dann werden wir durch Teilhabe zu Gott, wie der Mystiker Johannes vom Kreuz sagt.

Ubersezt von Betinna Gold-Hartnack

 

How to care for our Common Home

Today, caring for the Earth, as Pope Francis set forth in detail in his encyclical letter, “On Caring for our Common Home”, «a global ecological conversion», requires «profound changes in the life styles, in the models of production and consumption, in the consolidated structures of power» (nº 5). This objective will never be reached unless we effectively love the Earth as our Mother and know how to limit ourselves, and even suffer, in order to guarantee her vitality for our own sake, and that of the entire community of life (nº 223). Mother Earth is the base that sustains and nourishes everything. We cannot exist without her. The systematic aggression she has endured in recent centuries has destroyed her equilibrium. Ultimately, she could continue for centuries, but without us.

August 13 of this year wasThe Overshoot Day, the day when the biocapacity of the Earth to satisfy human demands had been exhausted. We need 1.6 planets to meet them. In other words, this proves that our life style is unsustainable. The demands of the rest of the community of life are not included in that calculation. This increases the urgency of our responsibility for the future of the Earth, the future of our comrades in this earthly journey, and of our goals for the planet.

How to care for the Earth? In the first place, the Earth must be seen as a living and systemic Whole, in which all the parts are inter-dependent and inter-related. As the papal text tirelessly affirms, very much in the line of the new ecologic paradigm, the Earth-Gaia is fundamentally comprised of her ecosystems as a whole, with the immense biodiversity that exists in them, and all the live and inert beings that coexist and always interrelate.

To care for the Earth as an organic whole is to maintain the conditions that have existed for millions and millions of years, that facilitate the continuity of the Earth, a living super-being, Gaia. To care for each eco-system is to understand the unique qualities of each, its resilience, its capacity for reproduction and to maintain the relationships of collaboration and mutuality with all the others, because everything is related and inclusive. To understand the ecosystem is to realize the imbalances that can result from irresponsible interferences by our culture, voracious for goods and services.

To care for the Earth is primarily to care for her integrity and vitality. It is to prevent an entire biomass or a whole vast region from being deforested and thereby degraded, thus altering the patterns of the rains. It is important to assure the integrity of her bio-capacity. This is true not only for the living and visible organic beings, but mainly for the micro-organisms. In reality, they are the unknown workers that sustain the life of the Planet. The eminent biologist Edward Wilson affirms that «in only one gram of earth, just under a fistful, there are around 10 billion bacteria, belonging to as many as 6 thousand different species» (La creación, 2008, p. 26). That empirically proves that the Earth is alive and really is Gaia, a living super organism, and that we are the conscious and thinking portion of the Earth.

To care for the Earth is to care for the “commons”, that is, for the common goods and services the Earth freely offers all living beings, such as water, nutrients, air, seeds, rivers, climates, etc. These common goods, precisely for being common, must not be privatized and converted to merchandise in the system of commerce, as is rapidly occurring everywhere. The Evaluation of the Ecosystems of the Millennium, an inventory requested by the U.N. a few years back, in which 1.360 specialists from 95 countries participated, and which was reviewed by another 800 scientists, produced terrifying results. Of the 24 environmental services essential for life, such as water, clean air, regulated climates, seeds, foods, energy, soils, nutrients and others, 15 are highly degraded. This clearly shows that the bases that sustain life are threatened.

Year after year, the indices are all worsening. We do not know when that destructive process will stop, or whether it will become a catastrophe. If there were a tipping point such as the feared “abrupt warming”, that raised temperatures from 4 to 6 degrees centigrades, as the Northamerican scientific community has warned, we would see apocalyptic destruction that would affect millions of persons. We trust that we shall still awaken. Above all, we believe that “God is the sovereign Lord, lover of life” (Sb 11,26), and will not let such an Armageddon happen.

To care for the Earth is to care for her beauty, her scenery, the splendor of her jungles, the enchantment of her flowers, and the exuberant diversity of her living beings, the fauna and the flora.

To care for the Earth is to care for her finest product, that is us, the human race, men and women, especially the most vulnerable. To care for the Earth is to care for that which she, through our genius, has produced in such diverse cultures, in so many languages, in art, science and religion, in cultural goods, especially in spirituality and religiosity, through which we realize the presence of the Supreme Reality that underlies all beings and that carries us in the palm of His hand. .

To care for the Earth is to care for the dreams that she elicits in us, which gives birth to the saints, the wise, the artists, the persons who are guided by the light, and everything that is sacred and loving that has arisen throughout history.

To care for the Earth, finally, is to care for the Sacred that burns within us and that convinces us that it is better to embrace the other than to reject him, and that life is worth more than all the wealth in this world.

Then, will she really be the Common Home of the Being.

Free translation from the Spanish by
Servicios Koinonia, http://www.servicioskoinonia.org.
Done at REFUGIO DEL RIO GRANDE, Texas, EE.UU.

Estão se acabando recursos na dispensa da Casa Comum

        A Terra é um planeta pequeno, velho, com a idade de 4,44 bihões de anos, com 6.400 km de raio e 40.000 km de circunferência. Há 3,8 bilhões de anos surgiu nele todo tipo de vida e há cerca 7 milhões, um ser consciente e inteligente, altamente ativo e ameaçador: o ser humano. O preocupante é o fato de que a Terra já não possui reservas suficientes em sua dispensa para fornecer alimentos e água para seus habitantes. Sua biocapacidade está se enfraquecendo dia a dia.

O dia 13 de agosto foi o Dia da Sobrecarga da Terra (Earth Overshooting Day). É o que nos informou a Rede da Pegada Global (Global Footprint Network) que, junto com outras instituições como a WWF e o Living Planet acompanham sistematicamente o estado da Terra. A pegada ecológica humana (quanto de bens e serviços precisamos para viver) foi ultrapassada. As reservas da Terra se estão se esgotando e precisamos de 1,6 planeta para atender nossas necessidades sem ainda aquelas da grande comunidade de vida (fauna, flora, micro-organismos). Em palavras de nosso cotidiano: nosso cartão de crédito entrou no vermelho.

Até 1961 precisávamos apenas de 63% da Terra para atender as nossas demandas. Com o aumento da população e do consumo já em 1975 necessitávamos 97% da Terra. Em 1980 exigíamos 100,6%, a primeira Sobrecarga da pegada ecológica planetária. Em 2005 já atingíamos a cifra de 1,4 planeta. E atualmente em agosto de 2015 1,6 planeta.

Se hipoteticamente quiséssemos, dizem-nos biólogos e cosmólogos, universalizar o tipo de consumo que os países opulentos desfrutam, seriam necessários 5 planetas iguais ao atual, o que é absolutamente impossível além de irracional(cf. R. Barbault, Ecologia geral, 2011, p.418).

Para completar a análise cumpre referir a pesquisa feita por 18 cientistas sobre “Os limites planetários: um guia para o desenvolvimento humano num planeta em mutação” publicada na prestigiosa revista Science de janeiro de 2015 (bom resumo em IHU de 09/02/2015). Aí se elencam 9 fronteiras que não podem ser violadas, caso contrário, colocamos sob risco as bases da vida no planeta (mudanças climáticas; extinção de espécies; diminuição da camada de ozônio; acidificação dos oceanos; erosão dos ciclos de fósforo e nitrogênio; abusos no uso da terra como desmatamentos; escassez de água doce; concentração de partículas microscópicas na atmosfera que afetam o clima e os organismos vivos; introdução de novos elementos radioativos, nanomateriais, micro-plásticos).

Quatro das 9 fronteiras foram ultrapassads mas duas delas – a mudança climática e a extinção das espécies – que são fronteiras fundamentais, podem levar a civilização a um colapso. Foi o que concluiram os 18 cientistas.

Tal dado coloca em xeque o modelo vigente de análise da economia da sociedade mundial e nacional, medida pelo crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB). Este implica uma profunda intervenção nos ritmos da natureza e a exploração dos bens e serviços dos ecosistemas em vista da acumulação e com isso do aumento do PIB. Este modelo é uma falácia pois não considera o tremendo estresse a que submete todos os serviços ecossistêmicos globais que garantem a continuidade da vida e de nossa civilização. De forma irresponsável e irracional considera tal fato, com suas graves consequências, como “externalidades”, vale dizer, fatores que não entram na contabilidade nacional e internacional das empresas.

E assim gaiamente vamos ao encontro de um abismo que se abre logo aí à nossa frente. Curiosamente, nas discussões sobre temas econômicos que se organizam semanalmente nas TVs ( por exemplo, o Painel da Globoniews, aos sábados e domingos) nunca ou quase nunca se faz referência aos limites ecosistêmicos da Terra. Com raras exceções, os economistas parecem cegos e cegados pelas cifras do PIB, reféns de um paradigma velho e reducionista de analisar a economia concreta que temos. Se todas as fronteiras forem violadas, como tudo parece indicar, que acontecerá com a Terra viva e a Humanidade? Temos que mudar nossos hábitos de consumo, as formas de produção e de distribuição como não se cansa de repisar o Papa Francisco e ausente nos analistas de O Globo que sequer fazem uma referência a um tema tão fundamental. Mal imaginam que podemos conhecer um “armagedom” ecológico-social sem precedentes.

Imaginemos o planeta Terra como uma avião de carreira. Possui limites de alimentos, de água e de combustível. 1% viaja na primeira classe; 5% na executiva e os 95% na classe econômica ou junto às baguagens num frio aterrador. Chega um momento em que todos os recursos se esgotam. O avião fatalmente se precipita, vitimando todos e de todas classes.

Queremos este destino para a nossa única Casa Comum e para nós mesmos? Não temos alternativa: ou mudamos nossos hábitos ou lentamente definharemos como os habitantes da ilha de Páscoa até restarem apenas alguns representantes, talvez invejando quem morreu antes. Efetivamente, não fomos chamados à existência para conhecermos um fim tão trágico. Seguramente “o Senhor, soberano amante da vida”(Sab 11,26) não o permitirá. Não será por um milagre mas pela nossa mudança de hábitos e pela cooperação de todos.

Leonardo Boff escreveu Proteger a Terra-cuidar da vida: como escapar do fim do mundo, Record, Rio 2010.