Auferstehung eines Gefolterten und Gekreuzigten

Dieses Jahr feiern wir Ostern im Kontext eines Staates, in dem fast jeder durch eine extrem rechtsgerichtete Regierung mit radikal neoliberalen sozialpolitischer Politik erstickt wird. Dies ist eine erbarmungslose und herzlose Regierung, die den Fortschritt und die Rechte von Millionen von Arbeitern und Menschen anderer sozialen Kategorien zerstört. Die Regierung verkauft die Naturgüter, die zur Souveränität des Landes gehören. Sie akzeptiert die Wiederkolonisierung Brasiliens und versucht, unseren Reichtum auf kleine, mächtige Gruppen im In- und Ausland zu übertragen. Sie hat weder Solidarität noch Empathie für die Ärmsten oder diejenigen, deren Leben von Gewalt und sogar vom Tod bedroht ist, weil sie in den Favelas leben, Schwarze, Indigene, Quilombolas sind oder eine andere sexuelle Orientierung haben.

Auf Reisen durch dieses Land und durch andere Teile der Welt hörte ich oft Wehgeschrei aus Schmerz und Empörung. Das war für mich als hörte ich die heiligen Worte: „Ich habe die Unterdrückung meines Volkes gesehen, ich habe den Schrei gehört, der von ihren Unterdrückern verursacht wurde, und ich kenne ihre Angst. … Ich werde sie befreien und aus diesem Land hinausführen und in ein schönes, weites Land führen…“(Ex 3,7-8)

Gott legt seine Transzendenz ab („Gott über allem“), kommt herab und schließt sich den Unterdrückten an, um ihnen zu helfen, den Schritt (Schritt=paso=pessach=pascua=Ostern) zu machen aus der Unterdrückung hin zur Befreiung.

Es ist erwähnenswert, dass einem Staatsoberhaupt etwas Bedrohliches und Perverses anhaftet, der Folterknechte lobt, blutige Diktatoren preist und es für einen bloßen Unfall hält, wenn ein Schwarzer, ein Familienvater, mit 80 Kugeln gespickt ist, die vom Militär abgefeuert wurden. Darüber hinaus schlägt er eine Begnadigung für diejenigen vor, die den Holocaust verübten und 6 Millionen Juden töteten. Wie kann man von Auferstehung im Zusammenhang mit jemandem sprechen, der einen mehrjährigen „Karfreitag“ der Gewalt predigt? Die Namen Gottes und Jesu sind immer auf seinen Lippen, aber er vergisst, dass wir die Erben eines politischen Gefangenen sind, der verleumdet, verfolgt, gefoltert und gekreuzigt wurde: Jesus von Nazareth. Was er tut und sagt, ist Spott, verschlimmert durch die Unterstützung von Pastoren aus den neupfingstlichen Kirchen, deren Botschaft wenig oder gar nichts mit dem Evangelium Jesu zu tun hat.

Trotz dieser Infamie wollen wir Ostern feiern, das Fest des Lebens und der Blüte, wie das des halbtrockenen Nordens: Nach einigem Regen ist alles wieder auferstanden und wird wieder grün.

Das jüdische Volk, das in Ägypten versklavt war, ertrug die Überquerung großer Entfernungen, einen Exodus von der Knechtschaft in die Freiheit, als es „zu einem schönen, weiten Land ging, in dem Milch und Honig fließen“ (Symbole der Gerechtigkeit und des Friedens: Ex 3,8). Das jüdische „Pessach“ (Ostern) feiert die Befreiung eines ganzen Volkes, nicht nur das von Einzelpersonen.

Das christliche Ostern ergänzt und erweitert das jüdische Pessach. Ostern feiert die Befreiung der ganzen Menschheit durch die Hingabe Jesu, der die ungerechte Verurteilung des Kreuzestodes akzeptierte. Dieses Urteil war ihm auferlegt, nicht vom Vater der Güte, sondern als Folge seiner befreienden Praxis unter den Unterprivilegierten seiner Zeit, und weil er eine andere Vision des Gott-Vaters darbot: eines guten und barmherzigen, nicht eines strafenden Gottes mit strengen Normen und Gesetzen. Dies war für die Orthodoxie dieser Epoche inakzeptabel. Jesus von Nazareth starb in Solidarität mit allen Menschen und ebnete den Weg zum Gott der Liebe und Barmherzigkeit.

Das christliche Ostern feiert die Auferstehung des Gefolterten und Gekreuzigten. Jesus verwirklichte den Übergang und den Exodus vom Tod zum Leben. Er kehrte nicht in das Leben zurück, das er zuvor hatte und das so begrenzt und sterblich war wir unseres. In Jesus entstand eine andere Lebensweise, die nicht mehr dem Tod unterworfen ist, die die Verwirklichung aller dort (und in uns) vorhandenen Potenziale darstellt. Das, was allmählich durch die Prozesse der Kosmogenese und Anthropogenese im Entstehen war, erreichte durch seine Auferstehung eine solche Fülle, dass es schließlich geboren war. Wie der französische Theologe Pierre Teilhard de Chardin sagte, implodierte und explodierte der vollständig verwirklichte Jesus in Gott. Paulus, der sowohl perplex als auch bezaubert war, nannte ihn „novissimus Adam“ (1Kor 15,45), den neuen Adam, die neue Menschheit. Wenn der Messias auferstanden ist, dann nimmt seine Gemeinde, nämlich wir alle, selbst der Kosmos, zu dem wir gehören, an diesem gesegneten Ereignis teil. Jesus ist der „erste unter vielen Brüdern und Schwestern“ (Röm 8,29). Wir werden ihm folgen.

Trotz des Karfreitags des Hasses und der Erhebung der Gewalt sät die Auferstehung in uns die Hoffnung, dass wir den Schritt (Ostern) von dieser düsteren Situation hin zur Gesundung unseres Landes machen werden, wo es niemanden mehr geben wird, der es wagt, die Kultur der Gewalt oder die Folter zu loben; niemanden, der dem Holocaust, dem Töten von Million, gegenüber gleichgültig bleibt.

Hallelujah! Frohe Ostern allen!

 

Leonardo Boff  Ökologe – Theologe – Philosoph und von derErdcharta-Kommission

 

Sob o império do grosseiro e do obsceno

Se há algo a lamentar profundamente hoje em dia nas redes sociais de nosso país é o império da grosseria e da obscenidade.

Essa metáfora já foi usada por outros: parece que as portas e as janelas do inferno se abriram de par em par. Daí saíram os demônios das ofensas pessoais, das injúrias, dos fake news, das mentiras, das calúnias e de toda sorte de palavras de baixíssimo calão. Nem precisaria Freud ter chamado a atenção ao fato de que há pessoas com fixação anal, usando palavras escatológicas e metáforas ligadas a perversões sexuais, pois as encontramos frequentemente nos twitters, nos facebooks, nos youtubes e em outros canais.

A grosseria demonstra a falta de educação, de civilidade, de cortesia e de polidez no trato para com as pessoas. A grosseria transforma a pessoa em vulgar. O linguajar vulgar usa expressões que ferem a sensibilidade dos outros ao seu redor. A vulgaridade contumaz deixa as pessoas inseguras, pois, nunca sabem quais gestos, palavrões ou metáforas de mau gosto podem sair de gente grosseira. O grosseiro casa o mau gosto com o desrespeito.

Especialmente, embora não exclusivamente, é o homem mais vulgar em sua linguagem. A mulher, não exclusivamente, pode ser vulgar no modo de se expor. Não se trata apenas no modo de se vestir, tornando-a explicitamente sensual e sedutora, mas no comportamento inadequado de se portar. Se a isso ainda se somam palavras obscenas e grosseiras faz-se mais vulgar e grotesca.

Especialmente grave é quando os portadores de poder como um presidente, um juiz da corte suprema, um ministro de Estado ou senador entre outros, esquecem o caráter simbólico de seu cargo e usam expressões vulgares e até obscenas. Espera-se que expressem privada e publicamente os valores que representam para todos. Quando falta esta coerência, a sociedade e os cidadãos se sentem traídos e até enganados. Aqueles que usam excessivamente expressões indignas de sua alta função são os menos indicadas para exercê-las.

Infelizmente é o que verificamos quase diariamente no linguajar daquele que ocupa o cargo mais alto da nação. Seu linguajar, não raro, é tosco, ofensivo, quando não escatológico e quase sempre burlesco.

Se é grave alguém ser grosseiro, mais grave ainda é o ser obsceno. Pois, este, o obsceno, rompe o limite natural daquilo que implica respeito e o sentido bom da vergonha. Já Aristóteles em sua Ética anotava que nos damos conta da falta de ética quando se perdeu o sentido da vergonha. Sem ela, tudo é possível, pois, não haverá nada que imponha algum limite. Até a Shoah, o extermínio em massa de judeus pelo nazismo, se tornou terrível realidade.

Nem tudo vale neste mundo. Houve Alguém que foi sentenciado à morte na cruz por testemunhar que nem tudo vale e que é digno entregar a própria vida por aquilo que deve ser incondicionalmente intocável e respeitável: a reverência ao Sagrado e a sacralidade do pobre e do que injustamente sofre.

Houve no Ocidente uma figura que se transformou em arquétipo da cortesia e da finura de espírito, daquilo que Pascal chamava de “esprit de finesse” contraposto ao “esprit de géométrie”; aquele, cheio de cuidado e de delicadeza e este outro, marcado pela frieza do cálculo e pela vontade de poder.

Um franciscano francês, Eloi Leclerc, sobrevivente do campo nazista de extermínio de Dachau e Birkenau, traduziu assim a cortesia de Francisco de Assis: “ter um coração leve” sem nenhum espírito de violência e de vingança, o reverso o de ter um coração pesado como o nosso, cheio de grosserias e de obscenidades. Aí ele faz o Poverello de Assis dizer:

“Ter um coração leve é escutar o pássaro cantando no jardim. Não o perturbes. Faze-te o mais silencioso possível. Escuta-o. Seu canto é o canto de seu Criador.”

“Rosas desabrocham no jardim. Deixa que possam florir. Não estendas a mão para colhê-las. Elas são o sorriso do Criador”.

“E se encontrares um miserável, alguém que está sofrendo desesperado, cala-te, escuta-o. Enche teus olhos com a presença dele, com a vida dele até que ele possa descobrir em teu olhar que tu és seu irmão. Então tu o fizeste existir.Tu foste Deus para teu irmão” (O Sol nasce em Assis, Vozes 2000 p.127).

Releva dizer: somos seres duplos, grosseiros e obscenos, mas também podemos e devemos ser gentis e corteses. Destes precisamos muitos, nos dias atuais, em nosso país. Para isso importa educar o coração (sim, dar valor à educação) para que seja leve e totalmente distante de toda a grosseria e de toda a obscenidade, tão vigentes entre nós.

Leonardo Boff é teólogo, filósofo, ex-frade mas conservando o espírito franciscano de Assis.

 

 

Resurrection of He who was tortured and crucified

Easter this year is being celebrated in the context of a country where almost everyone is being stifled by an extreme right government with radically ultra neoliberal socio-political policies. It is a pitiless and heartless government that destroys the advances and rights of millions of workers and people of other social categories. The government sells the natural goods that are part of the country’s sovereignty. It accepts the re-colonization of Brazil and seeks to transfer our wealth to small, powerful groups, both domestic and foreign. It has neither solidarity nor empathy for the poorest or those whose lives are threatened by violence and even death because they live in the favelas, are Black, Indigenous,quilombolas, or have a different sexual orientation.

Traveling around this country and other parts of the world, I often heard wails of pain and indignation. To me, it was like hearing the sacred words: “I have seen the oppression of my people, I have heard the cry caused by their oppressors and I know their anguish. I will liberate them and have them leave this country and go to a good and spacious land” (Ex 3,7-8).

God sets aside His transcendence (“God above all”?), comes down and joins the oppressed to help them step (Step=paso=pessach=pascua=Easter) from oppression to liberation.

It is worth noting that there is something threatening and perverse in a head of state who extols torturers, praises bloody dictators and deems it a mere accident when a Black man, the father of a family, is riddled with 80 bullets fired by the military. Moreover, he proposes a pardon for those who carried out the holocaust, killing 6 millions Jews. How can one talk of resurrection in the context of someone who preaches a perennial “Good Friday” of violence? The names of God and Jesus are always on his lips but he forgets that we are the heirs of a political prisoner who was slandered, persecuted, tortured and crucified: Jesus of Nazareth. What he does and says is derision, aggravated by the support of Pastors from neo-Pentecostal churches, whose message has little or nothing to do with the Gospel of Jesus.

In spite of this infamy, we want to celebrate Easter, the feast of life and flowering, like that of the semi-arid North: after some rain, everything is resurrected and grows green again.

The Jewish people, enslaved in Egypt, endured the crossing of a great distance, an exodus from servitude to freedom as they walked towards “a good and spacious Earth, an Earth where milk and honey flow” (symbols of justice and peace: Ex 3,8). The Judaic“Pessach” (Easter) celebrates the liberation of a whole people, not only of individuals.

The Christian Easter adds to and broadens the Judaic Pessach. Easter celebrates the liberation of all humanity by the surrender of Jesus, who accepted the unjust condemnation of death on the cross. This sentence was imposed on Him, not by the Father of goodness, but as a consequence of His liberating practice among the underprivileged of His time, and for offering another vision of God-Father, as good and merciful, not a punishing God with severe norms and laws. This was unacceptable to the orthodoxy of that epoch. Jesus of Nazareth died in solidarity with all the human beings, opening the way to the God of love and mercy.

The Christian Easter celebrates the resurrection of He who was tortured and crucified. Jesus realized the passage and exodus from death to life. He did not return to the life He had before, limited and mortal like ours. In Jesus arose another type of life, no longer subject to death, that represents the realization of all the potential present there (and in us).That which was being slowly born through the processes of cosmogenesis and anthropogenesis reached such fullness through His resurrection that finally, it was born. As French theologian Pierre Teilhard de Chardin said, Jesus, fully realized, exploded and imploded within God. Saint Paul, both perplexed and enchanted, calls Him, “novissimus Adam” (1Cor 15,45), the new Adam, the new humanity. If the Messiah was resurrected, His community, namely, all of us, even the cosmos of which we are part, participate in that blessed event. Jesus is the “first among many brothers and sisters” (Rom 8, 29). We will follow Him.

In spite of a “Good Friday” of hate and of exaltation of violence, the resurrection infuses into us the hope that we will take the step (Easter) from this sinister situation to the recuperation of our country, where no longer will there be anyone who dares favor the culture of violence, or who praises torture; no one who is insensible to the holocaust, the killing of millions. Hallelujah. Happy Easter everyone.

Leonardo Boff Eco-Theologian-Philosopher and of the Earthcharter Commission

Free translation from the Spanish sent by
Melina Alfaro, alfaro_melina@yahoo.com.ar.
Done at REFUGIO DEL RIO GRANDE, Texas, EE.UU.

Resurrection of He who was tortured and crucified

Easter this year is being celebrated in the context of a country where almost everyone is being stifled by an extreme right government with radically ultra neoliberal socio-political policies. It is a pitiless and heartless government that destroys the advances and rights of millions of workers and people of other social categories. The government sells the natural goods that are part of the country’s sovereignty. It accepts the re-colonization of Brazil and seeks to transfer our wealth to small, powerful groups, both domestic and foreign. It has neither solidarity nor empathy for the poorest or those whose lives are threatened by violence and even death because they live in the favelas, are Black, Indigenous,quilombolas, or have a different sexual orientation.

Traveling around this country and other parts of the world, I often heard wails of pain and indignation. To me, it was like hearing the sacred words: “I have seen the oppression of my people, I have heard the cry caused by their oppressors and I know their anguish. I will liberate them and have them leave this country and go to a good and spacious land” (Ex 3,7-8).

God sets aside His transcendence (“God above all”?), comes down and joins the oppressed to help them step (Step=paso=pessach=pascua=Easter) from oppression to liberation.

It is worth noting that there is something threatening and perverse in a head of state who extols torturers, praises bloody dictators and deems it a mere accident when a Black man, the father of a family, is riddled with 80 bullets fired by the military. Moreover, he proposes a pardon for those who carried out the holocaust, killing 6 millions Jews. How can one talk of resurrection in the context of someone who preaches a perennial “Good Friday” of violence? The names of God and Jesus are always on his lips but he forgets that we are the heirs of a political prisoner who was slandered, persecuted, tortured and crucified: Jesus of Nazareth. What he does and says is derision, aggravated by the support of Pastors from neo-Pentecostal churches, whose message has little or nothing to do with the Gospel of Jesus.

In spite of this infamy, we want to celebrate Easter, the feast of life and flowering, like that of the semi-arid North: after some rain, everything is resurrected and grows green again.

The Jewish people, enslaved in Egypt, endured the crossing of a great distance, an exodus from servitude to freedom as they walked towards “a good and spacious Earth, an Earth where milk and honey flow” (symbols of justice and peace: Ex 3,8). The Judaic“Pessach” (Easter) celebrates the liberation of a whole people, not only of individuals.

The Christian Easter adds to and broadens the Judaic Pessach. Easter celebrates the liberation of all humanity by the surrender of Jesus, who accepted the unjust condemnation of death on the cross. This sentence was imposed on Him, not by the Father of goodness, but as a consequence of His liberating practice among the underprivileged of His time, and for offering another vision of God-Father, as good and merciful, not a punishing God with severe norms and laws. This was unacceptable to the orthodoxy of that epoch. Jesus of Nazareth died in solidarity with all the human beings, opening the way to the God of love and mercy.

The Christian Easter celebrates the resurrection of He who was tortured and crucified. Jesus realized the passage and exodus from death to life. He did not return to the life He had before, limited and mortal like ours. In Jesus arose another type of life, no longer subject to death, that represents the realization of all the potential present there (and in us).That which was being slowly born through the processes of cosmogenesis and anthropogenesis reached such fullness through His resurrection that finally, it was born. As French theologian Pierre Teilhard de Chardin said, Jesus, fully realized, exploded and imploded within God. Saint Paul, both perplexed and enchanted, calls Him, “novissimus Adam” (1Cor 15,45), the new Adam, the new humanity. If the Messiah was resurrected, His community, namely, all of us, even the cosmos of which we are part, participate in that blessed event. Jesus is the “first among many brothers and sisters” (Rom 8, 29). We will follow Him.

In spite of a “Good Friday” of hate and of exaltation of violence, the resurrection infuses into us the hope that we will take the step (Easter) from this sinister situation to the recuperation of our country, where no longer will there be anyone who dares favor the culture of violence, or who praises torture; no one who is insensible to the holocaust, the killing of millions. Hallelujah. Happy Easter everyone.

Leonardo Boff Eco-Theologian-Philosopher,Earthcharter Commission

Free translation from the Spanish sent by
Melina Alfaro, alfaro_melina@yahoo.com.ar.
Done at REFUGIO DEL RIO GRANDE, Texas, EE.UU.